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ds, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments • In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). eli of • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer ur at invisible infrared wavelengths, in the bi ever, do not n "air" tempera evaporation o away from air land basks in er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commo therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essen In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hum suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that

ds, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments • In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). eli of • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer ur at invisible infrared wavelengths, in the bi ever, do not n "air" tempera evaporation o away from air land basks in er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commo therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essen In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hum suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood
Chapter6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses
Section: Chapter Questions
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at is ky he air ar re ne at nt W d it e ). e i- rk sur- and are heated more by-than light ones. Black beetles, for instance, absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths relatively well, whereas light colored beetles tend more to reflect these wavelengths and absorb them relatively poorly. Animals that can change their skin color, such as many species of lizards, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments . In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer in the biosphere occur at invisible infrared wavelengths, and net heat transfer is from the object with higher surface temperature to the one with lower surface temperature. Visible color, however, is a major factor in how well objects absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths of solar radiation. 20mest 10160 thermy) ectoth mine the body Poikilother whether an an therms typical the same as wa ever, do not n "air" temperat evaporation o away from air land basks in E er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commc therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essent In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hun suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that might be ally choo control th If a po body ter regulatic simple. (such as
Transcribed Image Text:at is ky he air ar re ne at nt W d it e ). e i- rk sur- and are heated more by-than light ones. Black beetles, for instance, absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths relatively well, whereas light colored beetles tend more to reflect these wavelengths and absorb them relatively poorly. Animals that can change their skin color, such as many species of lizards, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments . In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer in the biosphere occur at invisible infrared wavelengths, and net heat transfer is from the object with higher surface temperature to the one with lower surface temperature. Visible color, however, is a major factor in how well objects absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths of solar radiation. 20mest 10160 thermy) ectoth mine the body Poikilother whether an an therms typical the same as wa ever, do not n "air" temperat evaporation o away from air land basks in E er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commc therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essent In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hun suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that might be ally choo control th If a po body ter regulatic simple. (such as
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