Due to concerns about the safety of bariatric weight loss surgery, in 2006 the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS) restricted coverage of bariatric surgery to hospitals designated as Centers for Excellence. Did the CMS restrictionimprove the outcomes of bariatric surgery for Medicare patients? Among the 1847 Medicare patients in the study havingsurgery in the 18 months preceding the restriction, 270 experienced overall complications, whereas in the 1639 patientshaving bariatric surgery in the 18 months following the restriction, 170 experienced overall complications.(a) What are the sample proportions of Medicare patients who experienced overall complications from bariatric surgerybefore and after the CMS restriction? Let p, be the sample proportion with complications before the restriction, and p,be the sample proportion with complications after the restriction.(Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.)P2How strong is the evidence that the proportions of overall complications are different before and after the CMSrestriction? Sclect the appropriate hypothesis statements to answer this question.O Ho : PI = p2 versus H.: Pi > P2O Ho : P, # p, versus H. : P = P2O Ho : P = , versus H. : P # P2O Ho : PL = p2 versus H : PL # P2Find the pooled proportion.(Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)Find the test statistic.(Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places.)Find the P-value.(Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.) Find the P-valuc.(Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)P:Select the statement which best describes the evidence from the test you just conducted.O There is a little evidence the two proportions are different.O There is no evidence the two proportions are different.O There is strong evidence the two proportions are different.O There is hardly any evidence the two proportions are different.(b) Is this an observational study or an experiment?O This is neither an observational study nor an experiment.O This is an experiment.O This is an observational study.O This is both an observational study and an experiment.Can we conclude that the CMS restriction has reduced the proportion of overall complications?O No. The hypothesis test does not show enough evidence for a difference in proportions.O Yes. The hypothesis test shows very strong evidence that p2 < Pi-O No. We cannot determine cause and effect in observational studies.O Yes. The experiment gives strong evidence to support this conclusion.(c) Improved outcomes may be due to several factors, including the use of lower-risk bariatric procedures, increasedsurgeon experience, or healthier patients receiving the surgery. What types of variables are these, and how do they affectthe types of conclusions that you can make?O These are explanatory variables, and they weaken the case that the decline in complications is due to therestrictions,O These are lurking variables, and they strengthen the case that the decline in complications is due to the restrictions.O These are lurking variables, and they weaken the case that the decline in complications is due to the restrictions.O These are explanatory variables, and they strengthen the case that the decline in complications is due to therestrictions.

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Due to concerns about the safety of bariatric weight loss surgery, in 2006 the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Scrvices (CMS) restricted coverage of bariatric surgery to hospitals designated as Centers for Excellence. Did the CMS restriction improve the outcomes of bariatric surgery for Medicare patients? Among the 1847 Medicare patients in the study having surgery in the 18 months preceding the restriction, 270 experienced overall complications, whereas in the 1639 patients having bariatric surgery in the 18 months following the restriction, 170 experienced overall complications. (a) What are the sample proportions of Medicare patients who experienced overall complications from bariatric surgery before and after the CMS restriction? Let p, be the sample proportion with complications before the restriction, and p be the sample proportion with complications after the restriction. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.) P2 How strong is the evidence that the proportions of overall complications are different before and after the CMS restriction? Sclect the appropriate hypothesis statements to answer this question. O Ho : PI = P2 versus H. : Pi > P2 O Ho : PI # P2 versus H, : P, = P2 O Ho : PI = P2 versus H: P # P2 Ho: Pi = P2 versus H: Pi + P2 Find the pooled proportion. (Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.) Find the test statistic. (Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places.) Find the P-value. (Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter4: Equations Of Linear Functions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SGR