Due to the presence everywhere of the cosmic background radiation, the minimum possible temperature of a gas in interstellar or intergalactic space is not 0 K but 2.7 K. This implies that a significant fraction of the molecules in space that can be in a lowlevel excited state may, in fact, be so. Subsequent de-excitation would lead to the emission of radiation that could be detected. Consider a (hypothetical) molecule with just one possible excited state. (a) What would the excitation energy have to be for 25% of the molecules to be in the excited state? (b) What would be the wavelength of the photon emitted in a transition back to the ground state?

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Q: The brightest star in the sky is Sirius, the Dog Star. Itis actually a binary system of two stars,…

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Q: Given a photon with wavelength 430 nm, find the energy and momentum of the photon. What equivalent…

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Q: Estimate the peak wavelength for radiation emitted from(a) ice at 0°C, (b) a floodlamp at 3100 K,…

A: T=Temperatureb=Constant of proportionality=2.89×10−3 mKλ=Wavelength

Q: Give proof that the violation of the Kelvin–Planck statement leads to the violation of the Clausius…

A: The second law of thermodynamics is stated in Kelvin-Plank statement as, it is impossible to devise…

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A: Given: FVdv=dNN=4πM2πRT32V2expMV22RTdV

Q: In the Check Your Learning section of Example 27.1, you were told that several lines of hydrogen…

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Q: What is the minimum possible temperature ? Is there also a maximum possible temperature?

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Q: What is the wavelength of the most energetic photon that can be emitted from a muonic atom with Z=1?

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Q: The cosmic background radiation is blackbody radiation from a source at a temperature of 2.73 K. (a)…

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Q: How many grams of matter would have to be totallydestroyed to run a 75-W lightbulb for 1.0 year?

A: It is given that, 75Watts=75J/s75J/s×3600s/h×24h/d×365d/yr×1yr=2.3652×109J

Q: In special conditions, it is possible to measure the energy of a gamma-ray photon to 1 part in 1015.…

A:

Q: According to Wien's Displacement Law, the wavelength of maximum emission of a body with a…

A: Given  Temperature T=357K

Q: 2) A particle with a size just below r* is unstable but a particle with a size a) just above r* is…

A: Since it contains two different questions, please post the second part again, i am just solving the…

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Q: Find the ratio of population of higher energy state to lower energy state when the optical pumping…

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Q: Calculate the velocity of a star moving relative to the earth if you observe a wavelength of 91.0 nm…

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Q: For a system of bosons at room temperature, compute the average occupancy of a single-particle state…

A: To determine: Average occupancy and probability of the state if the energy of the state is 1 eV…

Q: Radiation has been detected from space that is characteristic of an ideal radiator at T = 2.728 K.…

A: Weins displacement law is λmT=2.90×10-3 mK Here, λm is the wavelength corresponding to maximum…

Q: Imagine another universe in which the value of Planck’s constant is 0.0663 J . s, but in which the…

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Q: The mass attenuation coefficient of 511 keV photons in water is approximately 0.1 cm2/g. 1. What is…

A: Given that:Energy of the photon, E=511 keVAttenuation coefficient, α=0.1 cm2/gDiameter of the…

Q: Suppose your professor discovers dark matter, and it turns out to be a new type of subatomic…

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Q: For a search volume that requires: 45 beam positions, 333 range bins, 32 Doppler bins, and a P FA of…

A: Given : Requirements of search volume : 45 beam positions  333 range bins 32 Doppler bins PFA =…

Q: Using Wien's Law for two black body objects with a temperature of 1000 K (fire) and 290 K…

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Q: ) a pantile monte along time (t) a cume at y= 2 un 3t 2* 2 s 3t NOTES (A) Delemaine melacity ř and…

A: Velocity is first derivative of position vector while the acceleration is second

Q: calculate the momentum of a photon having a wavelength of 100nm. Also, find the velocity and kinetic…

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Q: Show that the mass density of radiation ρrad is given by ρrad = 4σT4/c3 where σ is the…

A: The mass density (ρrad) is defined as the mass of the radiation per unit volume of the body.…

Q: When the temperature of a mole of boson gas is half its critical temperature for Bose-Einstein…

A: Given:  Amount of gas = 1 mol Temperature of gas = Critic temperature /2

Q: When calaculating the mass of an atom why do we exclude the electron's mass? and only use protons…

A: Mass of the proton Mp=1.67263×10-27 kg Mass of the Neutron Mn=1.67492×10-27kg We see the mass of the…

Q: 7.9 For this hypothetical velocity distribution in a wide rectan- gular channel, evaluate the…

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Special Relativity

The theory of special relativity discusses how space and time are related to objects traveling along a straight line at a constant speed. Simply stated, as an object reaches the speed of light, its mass becomes infinite and it is unable to move faster than light. This interstellar speed limit has been the topic of much debate in astronomy, and also in science fiction when people consider how to fly over large distances.