Earthquakes generate several types of seismic waves: primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves. The secondary waves, or S waves, shear rock as they move through it. However, S waves do not travel through the outer core of the Earth. What is the reason for this observation? The outer core is made of liquid iron. Pressures in the outer core are too high. Earthquakes only occur near the surface. S waves do not exist deep within the Earth.

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