Empirical evidence from the US airline industry suggests that fare wars are more likely when carriers have excess capacity, caused by GDP growth falling short of its predicted trend. Fare wars are also more likely during the spring summer quarters, when more discretionary travel takes place. Explain how these two observations are consistent with the theories presented in Section 9.2
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Empirical evidence from the US airline industry suggests that fare wars are more likely when carriers have excess capacity, caused by
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- LalaFast 21 is a major carrier based in the Philippines and has made a strategy of cutting fares drastically on certain routes with large effects on traffic in those markets. For example, on the Baguio-Cubao route the entry of LalaFast into the market caused average fares to fall by 48 per cent and increased market revenue from P21,327,008 to P47,064,782 annually. On the Tuguegarao-Caloocan route, however, the average fare cut in the market when LalaFaST entered was 70 per cent and market revenue fell from an annual P66,201,553 to P33,101,514.Questions1. Calculate the PEDs for the Baguio-Cubao route and Tuguegarao-Caloocan route.2. Explain why the above market elasticities might not apply specifically to Lalafast 21.3. If LalaFast 21 does experience a highly elastic demand on the Baguio-Cubao route, what is the profit implication of this?4. Explain why the fare reduction on the Tuguegarao-Caloocan route a profitable strategy for LalaFast may still be.Consider the network revenue management model. Suppose that the fare prices are constant (deterministic), that is they are as shown in the first image below of Rt. Let D ∈ ℝ^n be a vector with components Dj = E[t=1 to T∑(Rt,j/rj)]. Show that the optimal value of the program with variable y ∈ ℝ^n is equal to the optimal bid-price policy J˜^µ∗T(x). In addition, the optimal dual solution of the capacity constraints of the previous deterministic linear program is an optimal solution of the problem min µ≥0 J˜µT(x). The program in question is the following:max (r^⊺)y,s.t. Ay ≤ x,0 ≤ y ≤ DFor each of the following scenarios, begin by assuming that all demand factors are set to their original values and that Triple Sevens is charging $200 per room per night. If average household income increases by 20%, from $50,000 to $60,000 per year, the quantity of rooms demanded at the Triple Sevensrises from rooms per night to rooms per night. Therefore, the income elasticity of demand is , meaning that hotel rooms at the Triple Sevens are .
- During 2001, many European markets for mobile phones reached saturation. Because of this, mobile phone operators started to shift their focus from growth and market share to cutting costs. One way to do this is to reduce spending on international calls. These calls are routed through network operating companies called carriers. The carriers charge per call-minute for each destination, and they often use a discount on total business volume to price their services. A mobile phone operator must decide how to allocate destinations to carriers.V-Mobile, a mobile phone operator in Denmark, must make such a decision for a T-month planning horizon when it has C carriers to choose from, D destinations for its customers’ calls, and there are I price intervals for a typical carrier. (These intervals define a carrier’s discount structure.) The inputs include the following: The price per call-minute for destination d from carrier c in price interval i in month t The (forecasted) number of…During 2001, many European markets for mobile phones reached saturation. Because of this, mobile phone operators started to shift their focus from growth and market share to cutting costs. One way to do this is to reduce spending on international calls. These calls are routed through network operating companies called carriers. The carriers charge per call-minute for each destination, and they often use a discount on total business volume to price their services. A mobile phone operator must decide how to allocate destinations to carriers.V-Mobile, a mobile phone operator in Denmark, must make such a decision for a T-month planning horizon when it has C carriers to choose from, D destinations for its customers’ calls, and there are I price intervals for a typical carrier. (These intervals define a carrier’s discount structure.) The inputs include the following: The price per call-minute for destination d from carrier c in price interval i in month t The (forecasted) number of…You have three tickets to a Celtics game on a night that you are going to be out of town (so the value of unsold tickets is zero to you). There are only four possible buyers of a Celtics ticket. The table below lists the respective reservation prices of these four possible buyers: Customer Reservation Price 1 $25 2 $35 3 $50 4 $60 You consider inviting bids using an English auction to sell your tickets. How much total revenue can you generate using the English auction mechanism from the sale of the three tickets? [Bids can be made in increments of $1.00]
- Which of the following statements about expenditures on advertising is true? If a firm knows its product is of low quality, it will be willing to spend large amounts of money on advertising. When a firm spends a small amount of money on advertising, this signals that the quality of the good is high. When a firm spends a large amount of money on advertising, advertising can be construed as a signal of quality. Read the following example and determine whether it illustrates a common critique or defense of advertising. Gilberto sees a commercial for a Brand X clothing company that depicts the wearers of the clothes out having a good time with friends. Although he doesn't particularly need new clothes, the commercial prompts him to buy a Brand X t-shirt. This illustrates a common of advertising.Review the following hypothetical scenario and answer the following question: A number of groups have put pressure on the FCC to mandate that cable companies offer their channels à la carte rather than in bundles. We are opposed to this measure and will continue to strive to provide channels in bundled tiers. However, we want to be prepared in case we need to offer single-channel pricing. Using existing market research, we were able to calculate an estimated own-price elasticity of demand for a number of our most popular cable channels. Use this information, along with the marginal cost for each channel, to calculate the profit-maximizing price for each of these channels.A large firm has two divisions: an upstream division that is a monopoly supplier of an input whose only market is the downstream division that produces the final output. To produce one unit of the final output, the downstream division requires one unit of the input. If the inverse demand for the final output is P = 1,000 − 80Q, would the company’s value be maximized by paying upstream and downstream divisional managers a percentage of their divisional profits?
- In economics, customer sorting rules are often applied to understand how customers choose among various options based on their preferences and the available information. Which of the following best describes a common customer sorting rule? A. Price Maximization Rule B. Utility Maximization Rule C. Information Aversion Rule D. Brand Loyalty Rule Please refrain from offering handwritten solutions. Please ensure that your response maintains accuracy and quality to avoid receiving a downvote. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely.If the price match policy is a good idea, how widely should it be advertised? Explain. You woke up this morning to a troubling advertisement on TV: A+ Rental Cars' local competitor is discounting their economy rentals. After doing a little digging, you discover that your competitor has launched an aggressive advertising campaign, reducing the price on their economy line from $32.99 to $24.99. Based on your knowledge of previous pricing practices, you expect a similar price reduction across all vehicle types.Refer to Scenario below to answer the following questions. The government of Stratospheria is currently inviting investors to bid for the exclusive right to provide cable television service to its residents. The market demand for this service is P=55-0.01Q, where Q is the number of households that would subscribe to the cable service and P is the monthly fee charged to the subscribers. The associated marginal revenue curve is MR=55-0.02Q. Fun Cable Company is interested in bidding for the right to provide cable service in Stratospheria. It has a constant average and marginal cost of RM5 for providing cable service to each household. Question:1)What is the most Fun Cable Company would bid for the franchise?(please show the steps of calculation)