Epinephrine secretion allows for: activation glycogen phosphorylase a in liver cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase in brain cells activation protein phosphatase 1 in liver and muscle cells activateion adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase b in muscle cells
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Q: epinephrine/ glucagon
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Epinephrine secretion allows for:
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- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.Epinephrine secretion: a) activates adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells. b) activates protein phosphatase 1 in liver and muscle cells. c) activates glycogen phosphorylase a in liver cells. d) inhibits glycogen phosphorylase in brain cells. e) inhibits glycogen phosphorylase b in muscle cells.How does a compound that inhibits the GTPase activity of G-alpha affect liver cell responses to epinephrine? It would increase proliferation. It would decrease glucose production. It would decrease proliferation. It would increase glucose production.
- What protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrateWhich of the following is NOT part of a liver cell's response to epinephrine? Phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase activation of Protein kinase A GDP phosphorylation by G-alpha production of cAMP. Which of the following pathways is not stimulated by epinephrine? a. Glycogen degradation b. Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue c. Glycogen synthesis d. Glycolysis in muscle
- Describe the effects of The effect on the glucagon response in the liver treated with a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor on glycogen metabolism on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control.Identify molecule (11) in this diagram which illustrates hormonal regulation (A) phosphodiesterase (B) adenylate cyclase (C) phospholipase C (D) phosphoinositol phosphate (E) protein kinase A (F) protein kinase C (G) inositol triphosphate (H) diacylglycerol (I) calmodulinMelatonin is a hormone derived from serotonin. It is produced in the brain’s light-sensitive pineal gland. The pineal’s secretion of melatonin is depressed by nerve impulses that originate in the retina of the eye and other light-sensitive tissue in the body in response to light. Pineal function is involved in circadian rhythms, patterns of biochemical activity associated with light and dark, such as sleep/wake cycles. Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant, especially in the central nervous system. After serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is produced in the pineal gland, it is converted to 5-hydroxy-N-acetyltryptamine by N-acetyltransferase. 5-Hydroxy-Nacetyltryptamine is then methylated by O-methyltransferase. SAM is the methylating agent. With this information, draw the synthetic pathway of melatonin.
- Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices a. Glycogen synthesis is activated b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivatedDefine the following terms:a. second messengerb. desensitizationc. target celld. insulin resistancee. adenylate cyclaseThyroid hormone is produced within spherical shape structures in the thyroid gland known as 3. 1_ _ _This structure consists of an outer layer of 3.2 epithelial cells and an inner section known-as 3.3___ . This inner section is filled with 3.4 ____ that is synthesised and secreted by-the cells and contains many tyrosine residues. Within this inner section, organification occurs when 3. 5 ____ molecules attach to these tyrosine residues forming either 3. 6____ (with one molecule attacl1ed) or 3. 7____(with two molecules attached). Through coupling, T3 and T4 are also formed. Of these two hormones;- 3. 8 ____is less potent but forms approximately 93% of the metabolically active hormones secreted the thyroid gland.
