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Q
Every single cell in your body contains the same genetic information.
- Determining right and wrong
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- How gene expression is controlled? (min 500 words)You may have heard about the diet that is based on a persons blood type and claims to restore the bodys natural genetic rhythms and improve health. Research may one day reveal exactly which foods might best turn on and off specific genes to defend against specific chronic diseases. No doubt marketers will rush to fill grocery shelves with foods manufactured to match genetic profiles. Why do you think these genetic approaches to diet and health might be more or less appealing than eating patterns that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, milk products, and meats?True or false? Gene expression patterns can be inherited.
- Uniquely explain the process of protein synthesis and the role of DNA in creating individual traits in your own words.Thoko’s father suffered a heart attack recently. He is 48 years old, does not exercise, is overweight and smokes ~30 cigarettes a day. As a fund manager, his job is stressful and he works extremely long hours. It is recognized that many complex, multifactorial conditions have both, an environmental and a genetic component. Based on the information provided, draw up/create a 1 page “health plan” for him to “reduce the environmental risk” for coronary heart diseaseGenetics question
- Bob says that he is healthy and has no genetic diseases such as hemophilia or Down syndrome. Therefore, he says, genetics plays little role in his life. Do you think Bob is correct in his conclusion? Why or why not?The ability to roll your tongue. What are the roles of the DNA, genes, and proteins in a given trait? How would you relate the individual trait or characteristics to proteins, genes, and DNA? Would the manifestation of a trait be affected once the DNA nor the genes are altered?Describe how genetic information can be altered.
- DNA is responsible for your phenotype, but to what extent? How much, if at all, do environmental factors play a role? Can you find examples (remember keep your sources academic)?1. Bob says that he is healthy and has no genetic diseases such as hemophilia or down syndrome. Therefore he says genetics plays little role in his life. Do you think bob is correct in his conclusion? 2. A mutation good or bad? Explain your answer.James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic test that promises to deliver personalized nutritional advice based on an individuals genetic profile. The company can test for genetic variations, the advertisement states, that predispose individuals to developing health conditions such as heart disease and bone loss or that affect how they metabolize certain foods. If such variations are detected, the company can provide specific nutritional advice that will help counteract their effects. Always keen to take any steps available to ensure the best possible health for their family, James and his wife (Sally) decide that they both should be tested, as should their 11-year-old daughter (Patty). They order three kits. Once the kits arrive, the family members use cotton swabs to take cell samples from their cheeks and place the swabs in individually labeled envelopes. They mail the envelopes back to the company, along with completed questionnaires regarding their diets. Four weeks later, they receive three individual reports detailing the test results and providing extensive guidelines about what foods they should eat. Among the results is the finding that James has a particular allele in a gene that may make him vulnerable to the presence of free radicals in his cells. The report suggests that he increase his intake of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, and highlights a number of foods that are rich in those vitamins. The tests also show that Sally has several genetic variations that indicate that she may be at risk for elevated bone loss. The report recommends that she try to minimize this possibility by increasing her intake of calcium and vitamin D and lists a number of foods she could emphasize in her diet. Finally, the report shows that Patty has a genetic variation that may mean that she has a lowered ability to metabolize saturated fats, putting her at risk for developing heart disease. The report points to ways in which she can lower her intake of saturated fats and lists various types of foods that would be beneficial for her. A number of companies now offer genetic-testing services, promising to deliver personalized nutritional or other advice based on peoples genetic profiles. Generally, these tests fall into two different categories, with individual companies offering unique combinations of the two. The first type of test detects alleles of known genes that encode proteins that play an established role in, for example, counteracting free radicals in cells or in building up bone. In such cases, it is easy to see why individuals carrying alleles that may encode proteins with lower levels of activity may be more vulnerable to free radicals or more susceptible to bone loss. A second type of test examines genetic variations that may have no clear biological significance (i.e., they may not occur within a gene or may not have a detectable effect on gene activity) but have been shown to have a statistically significant correlation with a disease or a particular physiological condition. For example, a variation may frequently be detected in individuals with heart disease even though the reason for the correlation between the variation and the disease may be entirely mysterious. Do James and Sally have any guarantees that the tests and recommendations are scientifically valid?
