Evolution on ecological time scales: insects Based on this graph, which of the following statements is true? (b) Flat-podded golden rain tree introduced to central Florida during this time 9.0 A. Beak length has not changed. 8.5 8.0 7.5 B. Beak length has 7.0 decreased. 6.5 C. Beak length has 6.0 increased. 5.5 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Beak length (mm) •

Evolution on ecological time scales: insects Based on this graph, which of the following statements is true? (b) Flat-podded golden rain tree introduced to central Florida during this time 9.0 A. Beak length has not changed. 8.5 8.0 7.5 B. Beak length has 7.0 decreased. 6.5 C. Beak length has 6.0 increased. 5.5 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Beak length (mm) •

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13SQ

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Many species of animals make alarm calls, whichwarn others in their group that a predator isapproaching. Alarm calls also attract the attention of the predator, making it more likely thatthe individual making the call will be eaten. Whymight natural selection favor the evolution ofalarm calls in a species? How might you test thathypothesis?
Fossil insects many times larger than any insects alive today have been dated to the Carboniferous and Permian periods. These fossils are evidence that during these periods a. the climate was much warmer than it is today. b. the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere was significantly higher than it is today. c. the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere was lower than it is today. d. insects had fewer competitors for food than modern insects. e. there were fewer predators on insects than there are today.
The diversity of modern vertebrates was shaped in partby mass extinctions. The most severe extinction eventwe know of occured at the border between the Permianand Triassic periods about 250 million years ago. Anestimated 96 percent of the marine species and 70 percentof land species disappeared in what is sometimes called“The Great Dying.” The cause of this mass extinctionremains under investigation. Suggested causes includean asteroid impact, extreme volcanic activity, or a sudden release of carbon dioxide from deposits on the sea floor. Which groups of vertebrates were present when this mass extinction event occurred? Which evolvedafterward?
EVOLUTION CONNECTION The fossil record indicates that therehave been five mass extinction events in the past 500 millionyears (see Concept 25.4). Many ecologists think we are on theverge of entering a sixth mass extinction event. Briefly discussthe history of mass extinctions and the length of time it typicallytakes for species diversity to recover through the process ofevolution. Explain why this should motivate us to slow theloss of biodiversity today.
Explain at least one reasonable hypothesis about what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs at theK–T extinction (abbreviation of Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction) also called the K–Pg extinction or Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event about 66 million years ago.
Insects are the largest group of animals on Earth. Insectdiversity is greatest in the tropics, where habitat destructionand species extinction are occurring at an alarming rate.What biological, economic, and ethical arguments can youadvance to persuade people and governments to preservethis biological diversity?
Flightless birds on island often have relative on the mainland that can fly. The island species presumably evolved from fliers that, in the absences of predators, lost their ability to fly. Many island population of flightless birds are in decline because rats have been introduced to their previously isolated island habits. Despite current selection pressure in favor of flight, no flightless island bird species has regained the ability to fly. Why is this unlikely to happen?
45. Convergent evolution _________. A. has not occurred in vertebrates but is widely acknowledged among plants B. is distantly related species converging on a similar form to free up resources for other species C. is an artifact of studying many systems and by chance finding similar organismal features D. is distantly related species converging on a similar form, often to meet similar environmental selective forces E. has not occurred in plant but is common among animals
4. Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon’swarbler as distinct species. Recently, these birds have beenclassified as eastern and western forms of a single species,the yellow-rumped warbler. Which of the following piecesof evidence, if true, would be cause for this reclassification?(A) The two forms interbreed often in nature, and theiroffspring survive and reproduce well.(B) The two forms live in similar habitats and have similar foodrequirements.(C) The two forms have many genes in common.(D) The two forms are very similar in appearance.
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Living members of a vertebratelineage can be very different from early members of the lineage,and evolutionary reversals (character losses) are common. Giveexamples that illustrate these observations, and explain theirevolutionary causes.
Marking as Earth Science but I am unsure. Galapagos Finches 1. How many beetles are there on Earth? Answer : Over 300,000 beatles. 2. How many butterflies? Answer : 17,000. 3. Who is Charles Darwin? English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies 4. Which animal are they studying on the Galapagos islands? Iguanas, giant tortoises, and finches. 5. What are they looking for on the finches? 6. What are the differences between the finches that the scientists notice? 7. How many ancestors did the finches come from? 8. What did they measure on the birds? 9. Which birds had the most trouble? Why? 10. What did they notice about the new generation of the bird’s beaks? 11. How did there become so many species of these birds with different sized beaks? 12. What did the Grants show that are the key to evolution in the Galapagos islands? 13. (Fill in the blank) The more __________ the…
Exaptations are traits that: a. prepare some organisms for future environmental changes. b. appear in lineages as a result of an adaptive radiation. c. evolve in anticipation of a species future needs. d. are useful in new situations before natural selection alters them for a new function. e. occur in animals, but not in plants.