hich of the options are examples of convergent evolution? Choose all that apply. Bobcats and lynx have short tails Stickleback populations in Iceland and Scotland that both share the same developmental mechanism underlying the development of spines Scahorses and kangaroos carry their young Bats and butterflies have wings Leopards and jaguars have patterned coats Leopards and leopard frogs have spots Chameleon lizards and seahorses prehensile tails a Humans arms and Tiktaalik front limbs have similar bone structures

hich of the options are examples of convergent evolution? Choose all that apply. Bobcats and lynx have short tails Stickleback populations in Iceland and Scotland that both share the same developmental mechanism underlying the development of spines Scahorses and kangaroos carry their young Bats and butterflies have wings Leopards and jaguars have patterned coats Leopards and leopard frogs have spots Chameleon lizards and seahorses prehensile tails a Humans arms and Tiktaalik front limbs have similar bone structures

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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House sparrows (Maya) were introduced to North America in 1852. Since that time thesparrows have evolved different characteristics in different locations. Sparrow populations inthe north are larger-bodied than sparrow populations in the south. This divergence inpopulations is probably at least partly a result of natural selection: larger-bodied birds canoften survive lower temperatures than smaller-bodied birds can. Colder weather in the northmay select for larger-bodied birds. What type of evolution based on natural selectionaccounts for this observation? Explain your answer.
Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution b. morphological convergence c. adaptive divergence d. morphological divergence
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
Mammals, like humans and apes, have 5 digits on their fore and hind limbs. Modern horses have 1. How might you recontrust the ancestral state of mammal tow number?a) investigate the number of toes on all extant horses and apesb) investigate the number of toes for other mammals and use parsimony to deduce the ancestral statec) investigate the number of toes for an outgroup that is closely related to mammals, for example reptiles or amphibiansd) either b or ce) all of the above
Flippers in whales and penguins are the example of convergent evolution (True/False). Give explaination from the answer?
"According to this tree, turtles are more closely related to mammals than to birds." This statement is… ... FALSE because turtles are much more primitive than mammals. ... TRUE because turtles are closer to mammals in the tree. ... TRUE because the ancestor of turtles (W) is connected to the ancestor of mammals (N) whereas the ancestor of birds (P) is separated by one ancestor (C). ... TRUE because turtles share common ancestor W with mammals. ... FALSE because turtles share a more recent common ancestor with birds than with mammals.
. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Darwin suggested looking at aspecies’ close relatives to learn what its ancestors may havebeen like. Explain how his suggestion anticipates recentmethods, such as phylogenetic bracketing and the use ofoutgroups in cladistic analysis.
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?
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