Examine the following crosses carried out to explore inheritance of traits in pea plants. Parent cross: rough, soft peas X smooth, hard peas F1 : all rough, hard Test cross: rough, hard X smooth, soft peas F2: 115 rough soft, 110 smooth hard, 8 rough hard, 12 smooth soft Identify which traits are dominant, and either support or refute the hypothesis that the traits rough/smooth and soft/hard assort independently according to Mendel's law.

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.