Exercise 5.3.10. Suppose G is a cyclic group.(1) If G is infinite, show G has exactly two generators.(2) If G is finite, say |G|positive integers between 1 and n which are relatively prime to n (see Definition A.2.8).= n, show G has p(n)-many generators where o(n) is the number of

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Answered: Exercise 5.3.10. Suppose G is a cyclic…

Elements Of Modern Algebra

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285463230

Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Chapter4: More On Groups

Section4.7: Direct Sums (optional)

Problem 21E

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In Exercises 3 and 4, let G be the octic group D4=e,,2,3,,,, in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group D4 of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group D4 are as follows: 1. the identity mapping e=(1) 2. the counterclockwise rotation =(1,2,3,4) through 900 about the center O 3. the counterclockwise rotation 2=(1,3)(2,4) through 1800 about the center O 4. the counterclockwise rotation 3=(1,4,3,2) through 2700 about the center O 5. the reflection =(1,4)(2,3) about the horizontal line h 6. the reflection =(2,4) about the diagonal d1 7. the reflection =(1,2)(3,4) about the vertical line v 8. the reflection =(1,3) about the diagonal d2. The dihedral group D4=e,,2,3,,,, of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for D4 is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
In Exercises 3 and 4, let be the octic group in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let be the subgroup of the octic group . Find the distinct left cosets of in , write out their elements, partition into left cosets of , and give . Find the distinct right cosets of in , write out their elements, and partition into right cosets of . Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group are as follows: 1. the identity mapping 2. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 3. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 4. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 5. the reflection about the horizontal line 6. the reflection about the diagonal 7. the reflection about the vertical line 8. the reflection about the diagonal . The dihedral group of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
If p1,p2,...,pr are distinct primes, prove that any two abelian groups that have order n=p1p2...pr are isomorphic.
Exercises 11. According to Exercise of section, if is prime, the nonzero elements of form a group with respect to multiplication. For each of the following values of , show that this group is cyclic. (Sec. ) a. b. c. d. e. f. 33. a. Let . Show that is a group with respect to multiplication in if and only if is a prime. State the order of . This group is called the group of units in and designated by . b. Construct a multiplication table for the group of all nonzero elements in , and identify the inverse of each element.
Prove statement d of Theorem 3.9: If G is abelian, (xy)n=xnyn for all integers n.
Suppose that the abelian group G can be written as the direct sum G=C22C3C3, where Cn is a cyclic group of order n. Prove that G has elements of order 12 but no element of order greater than 12. Find the number of distinct elements of G that have order 12.
15. Assume that can be written as the direct sum , where is a cyclic group of order . Prove that has elements of order but no elements of order greater than Find the number of distinct elements of that have order .
Let G be the group and H the subgroup given in each of the following exercises of Section 4.4. In each case, is H normal in G? Exercise 3 b. Exercise 4 c. Exercise 5 d. Exercise 6 e. Exercise 7 f. Exercise 8 Section 4.4 Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Let H be the subgroup (1),(2,3) of S3. Find the distinct left cosets of H in S3, write out their elements, partition S3 into left cosets of H, and give [S3:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in S3, write out their elements, and partition S3 into right cosets of H. In Exercises 7 and 8, let G be the multiplicative group of permutation matrices I3,P3,P32,P1,P4,P2 in Example 6 of Section 3.5 Let H be the subgroup of G given by H=I3,P4={ (100010001),(001010100) }. Find the distinct left cosets of H in G, write out their elements, partition G into left cosets of H, and give [G:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in G, write out their elements, and partition G into right cosets of H. Let H be the subgroup of G given by H=I3,P3,P32={ (100010001),(010001100),(001100010) }. Find the distinct left cosets of H in G, write out their elements, partition G into left cosets of H, and give [G:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in G, write out their elements, and partition G into right cosets of H.
9. Suppose that and are subgroups of the abelian group such that . Prove that .
In Example 3, the group S(A) is nonabelian where A={ 1,2,3 }. Exhibit a set A such that S(A) is abelian. Example 3. We shall take A={ 1,2,3 } and obtain an explicit example of S(A). In order to define an element f of S(A), we need to specify f(1), f(2), and f(3). There are three possible choices for f(1). Since f is to be bijective, there are two choices for f(2) after f(1) has been designated, and then only once choice for f(3). Hence there are 3!=321 different mappings f in S(A).
31. (See Exercise 30.) Prove that if and are primes and is a nonabelian group of order , then the center of is the trivial subgroup . Exercise 30: 30. Let be a group with center . Prove that if is cyclic, then is abelian.
Find two groups of order 6 that are not isomorphic.

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Exercise 5.3.10. Suppose G is a cyclic group. (1) If G is infinite, show G has exactly two generators. (2) If G is finite, say |G|| positive integers between 1 and n which are relatively prime to n (see Definition A.2.8). = n, show G has o(n)-many generators where o(n) is the number of