Explain how allergens such as pollen affect the upperrespiratory tract.

Q: Describe the conditions predisposing to chronic bronchitisand relate them to the pathologic changes…

A: The clinical condition involving the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes refers to…

Q: Explain the changes in the atmospheric and intrapulmonary air pressure, muscle contraction, lung and…

A: Pulmonary ventilation is comprised of three pressures. Atmospheric pressure:It is the pressure of…

Q: Explain how the inhalation of particulate matter (such as that which comprises air pollution) can…

A: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in the lungs. It is a major form of cancer and is one of…

Q: Contrast the causes of increased airway resistance in asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis?

A: Bronchospasm, mucus plugging, and oedema within the peripheral airways end in increased airway…

Q: Describe the function of pulmonary surfactant.

A: Biochemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of chemical processes related to the…

Q: Explain why a person with laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx) “loses” his or her voice?

A: Answer: Introduction: Laryngitis means a swelling of larynx because the overuse, irritation, or…

Q: Explain the significance of cartilage and smooth muscle in the organisation of the wall of the…

A: Lung illnesses are disorders that cause the lungs to stop working properly. The lungs are a vital…

Q: Who is more prone to develop respiratory problems, an adult or a child? Explain with examples.

A: The respiratory system is one of the important systems in the body that helps in the exchange of…

Q: Identify the structures that comprise the upper and lowerrespiratory tracts

A: Breathing is described as the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lung. It involves two…

Q: Describe what is meant by the term “lung compliance.”

A: Lungs are the main organ of the respiratory system that provides oxygen to the cells through the…

Q: Explain how inspiration and expiration depend onpressure changes.

A: The change in pressure depends on inspiration and expiration by :

Q: Explain the function of central chemoreceptors as related to the respiratory system

A: Respiration or breathing is the primary process that involves transportation of oxygen to cells in…

Q: Explain how bronchiectasis develops as a secondaryproblem and also its manifestations.

A: The respiratory system primarily consists of the lungs, bronchus, trachea, and pharynx. The trachea…

Q: Label the attached diagram of the upper respiratory system

A: The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose and nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These…

Q: explain how changes in the alveolar pressure and chest volume affect the process of exhalation…

A: Exhalation (or expiration) is the movement of air from the lungs out of the airways, to the external…

Q: Explain why chemoreceptors are important for the regulation ofventilation.

A: In physiology, a chemoreceptor detects changes in normal environment, including increase of CO2 in…

Q: Describe the defense mechanisms that protect the lungs and describe the effects of polluted air and…

A: The lungs are the respiratory system center. The cells of the body require oxygen to remain alive.…

Q: a. Compare the causes of infant and adultrespiratory distress syndromes.b. Describe the signs of…

A: Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple parts, we will solve the first one for you. To…

Q: Explain how respiratory infection can causeserious respiratory obstruction in a young childand…

A: Upper airway obstruction is a common cause of respiratory insufficiency in infants. This reflects…

Q: State the function of the following structures: Bronchus  pleural membrane  alveoli

A: A bronchus is a passage or airway that conducts air into the lungs. It is divided into primary and…

Q: Explain why the alveoli normally do not fill with fluid.

A: The respiratory system is a web of organs and tissues, which regulate a person’s breath. This…

Q: Diagram the changes in intrapleural pressure and alveolar pressure.

A: In human physiology, intrapleural pressure is defined as the pressure taking place in the pleural…

Q: Which chemicals stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors?

A: Peripheral chemoreceptors are those chemoreceptors that are present in both the aortic and carotid…

Q: Explain the function of central chemoreceptors.

A: Chemoreceptors are responsible for sensing changes in their environment chemical composition. The…

Q: Describe how inhaled air may be altered as it passesthrough the nasal passages and pharynx.

A: The Respiratory System of the human body mainly transports air in and out of the lungs. It also…

Q: Describe the impact narrowing or widening the passages of the airway would have on gas exchange.

A: The lungs are organs of the body that helps in the exchange of gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide)…

Q: Describe the mechanism of action of eicosanoids. Give examples of eicosanoids used to treat…

A: Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are derived from the polyunsaturated fatty acids called Prostaglandins…

Q: Compare the effects of partial and total obstructionof the airways on ventilation and on oxygen…

A: Airway obstruction can be caused due to inhaling a foreign object, allergic reaction, airway trauma…

Q: Identify and label the different structures of the bronchioles.

A: Introduction Bronchioles:- These are air passages inside the lungs that branch off like tree limbs…

Q: Explain in details gas exchange in the tissues.

A: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment, especially from a…

Q: Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.

A: Respiration is defined as the biochemical process in which the living cells of an organism produce…

Q: Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions

A: Introduction Inspiration is the process of bringing air from outside the body into the lungs. it…

Q: Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

A: Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the lungs particularly the bronchioles. Emphysema is the…

Q: Describe the function of peripheral chemoreceptors as it relates to the respiratory system

A: The chemoreceptor is also called as chemosensor which is the specialised sensory receptor cell that…

Q: Describe the causes of pulmonary edema and explain howit affects oxygen levels.

A: Respiration is the process through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the…

Q: Describe three ways of reducing transmission of arespiratory infection.

A: Respiratory infections is the infection occuring in the respiratory tract, it can be in the lower…

Q: Describe the effect of a thickened respiratory membraneon blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.…

A: The wall of the alveolar is thin and there is the presence of interconnecting capillaries between…

Q: a. Describe the effects of a large openpneumothorax on respiratory function and oncardiovascular…

A: Pneumothorax It characterized by accumulation of air in the pleural space and leads to lung…

Q: List the factors that stimulate the Peripheral Chemoreceptors?

A: Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aorta bodies) detect variations in artery blood oxygen and…

Q: Describe the driving force of ventilation after the adaptation of central chemoreceptors and explain…

A: Competent nursing practice and development of competence serve as important guidelines for…

Q: What are the side effects of Stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

A: Control and coordination in the human body are regulated by the nervous system. The nervous system…

Q: Explain the factors that interfere with oxygenation of theblood in patients with emphysema.

A: Respiration is the process through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the…