Explain how alternate sigma factors can be used to initiate transcription of distinct sets of operons

Q: Describe four mechanisms that result in the generation ofantigen receptor diversity.

A: Antibodies are the antigen-binding glycoproteins that are synthesized exclusively by B- cells and in…

Q: Explain and give examples of Inducible & Repressible Operons. Describe what types of protein…

A: Inducer: Inducer is the substance that causes the gene for protein synthesis to be activated.…

Q: Explain and give an example (trp operon) of how repressor operons function in prokaryotes.

A: Repressor binding physically  blocks RNA polymerase from transcribing  structural genes.

Q: Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it…

A: An Operon is a unit of structure and function that consists of the clusters of regulatory genes…

Q: Explain, with diagrams, how transcriptionattenuation works in the trp operon.

A: Atteunation is a mechanism of control in some bacterial operons which results in premature…

Q: Operons can not be:   a. Negatively regulated b. Positively regulated c. Constitutive d. Inducible…

A: The workhorses of a body are proteins. All or every function of the body are carried out by the…

Q: If you add a co-eepressor to a repressor protein and that allows it to bind the operator is this a…

A: Inducible operon is one that is expressed in the presence of inducer. Constitutive operon is the…

Q: The process in which the two-dimensional structure of RNA from the L region of an operon can either…

A: The strategy of creating an RNA duplicate of a grouping is transcription. The transcript, known as…

Q: In the lac operon, the product of structural gene lacY is capable of

A: Lac operon It contains a operator, a promoter, repressor, and structural gene. The structural gene…

Q: Compare and contrast the lac operon and repressible operon systems.

A: Expression of each and every gene is not always required in an organism. Gene expression must occur…

Q: Define the following terms: Operon ORF Promoter Terminator polycistronic Oric Sigma subunit Pribnow…

A: In keeping with the guidelines of Bartleby and in order to provide correct and quality answers,…

Q: Describe what happens to the trp operon as the cell uses up its store of tryptophan.

A: The cells have amino acids in various forms such as precursors or native form. Amino acids are an…

Q: In the lac operon, how would gene expression be affected if each one of the following segments was…

A: The lac operon is basically a group of genes with a single promoter whose genes encode proteins that…

Q: The attenuation mechanism that helps block expression of the tryptophan operon requires all of the…

A: In transcriptional attenuation, the expression of genes are negatively regulated by controlling the…

Q: What is an operon? Explain an inducible operon.

A: In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control…

Q: Distinguish between a repressible operon and aninducible operon.

A: The Operon is the regulatory system present in DNA in cluster form, which contains structural genes…

Q: Describe how a superantigen such as toxic shock syndrome toxin can become lethal.

A: Toxic shock syndrome results due to the bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It is…

Q: What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon weremutated so it could not bind the…

A: An operon is a functional unit of genomic DNA made up of group of genes that is controlled by a…

Q: What type of mutation in an operon is most likely to affect the synthesis of more than one protein?

A: Mutation is the process, in which genetic sequence is changed, which results in the change in…

Q: Define regulation of gene expression with suitable model (lac operon) ?

A: Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in the DNA are converted into a functional…

Q: Differentiate inducsible and repressible operon

A: The promoter and operator control the group of genes which are called operons. Some operons are…

Q: Match each of the following mechanisms with how it can change the levels of gene products--whether…

A: Operons are DNA segments that include groups of associated genes. They consist of a promoter region,…

Q: If an operon is controlled by an activator and the substrate of the metabolic pathway then the type…

A: An operon can be defined as that functional unit of DNA containing many genes, all of which are…

Q: For each of the following, match with the stage of gene expression being regulated.…

A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid whereas…

Q: What led researchers to conclude that a repressor moleculeregulates the lac operon?

A: Lac operon is regulated by the lac repressor molecule.

Q: Provide the SIGNIFICANT differences between the following

A: The process by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription) and hence…

Q: Describe the main features of the lactose operon and inducibleoperons.

A: Inducible operons are those in which genes for certain enzymes can be turned on by the substrate of…

Q: Explain the function of trp operon in bacteria, the mode of that operon, the context that will turn…

A: A group of genes making up a regulatory or control unit. The unit includes regulator,  operator,…

Q: The transcription of many bacterial genes relies on functional groups called operons, such as the…

A: Turning/switching genes on and off is referred to as gene regulation. Cells start to take on…

Q: Compare the arrangement of cis-acting sites in the control regions of the lac operon and phage λ

A: Bacteriophages are a vast group of viruses that have a diverse set of properties. Their genomes may…

Q: Explain how regulatory regions of the lac operon canbe used in the production of pharmaceutical…

A: The lac operon is an operon that allows the bacteria to use lactose to synthesize energy. It is…

Q: The tryptophan operon is regulated by two methods. Describe in detail the regulation of the operon…

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. Operons are a group of genes under a single promoter. The…

Q: Suppose that an operon that exhibited positive control was inducible. Would the regulator gene in…

A: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and also…

Q: Explain how elements of the lac operon are exploited to regulate recombinant protein production in…

A: Introduction Three structural genes, as well as a promoter, a terminator, a regulator, and an…

Q: Explain how the trp operon is regulated by trp repressor and by attenuation.

A: Gene is the hereditary unit occupying a specific position in the chromosome and carries information…

Q: If glucose levels in the cell are high and lactose is available from the environment, what is the…

A: Bacteria such as E.coli has developed an outstanding system of genes that together regulate the…

Q: Describe the role of the CRP–cAMP complex in positiveregulation of the lactose operon in E. coli.

A: The E. coli lac operon includes genes involved in lactose metabolism. It is only expressed when…

Q: Can you think for how long the lack operon would be expreesed in the presence of lactose?

A: Lac operon is an operon that regulates the breakdown of lactose present in the medium. It contains…

Q: Explain how the following conditions will affect the regulation of the operon. (3 pts) Low cAMP…

A: Lac operon is a mechanism seen in the E coli that enables the proper metabolism in its body. The…

Q: Would you expect to see attenuation in the lac operon and other operons that control the metabolism…

A: Lac operon contains genes that are involved in the lactose metabolism. It is expressed when lactose…

Q: Describe the advantages and disadvantages for organisms that arrange genes in operons.

A: Operons are regions of DNA that contain clusters of related genes and are made up of promoter…

Q: Theara operon is an inducible operon that controls the production of the sugar arabinose. When…

A: An operon is a group of genes that are transcribed together and are under the influence of a single…

Q: Please explain the structure of Lac operon in bacteria.

A: Gene regulation can be defined as any kind of alteration in the gene to give rise to a different…

Q: Explain how the lac operon is regulated under the following conditions. Include the following terms…

A: Lactose can be broken down by E. coli bacteria, however, it is not their preferred fuel. They would…

Q: Explain the process of attenuation in the trp operon under the following conditi (i) No tryptophan…

A: Answer

Q: For each of the following types of transcriptional control, indicate whether the protein produced by…

A: An inducible operon is one which is not transcribed. For transcription of the molecule, It requires…

Q: In the tryptophan operon, tryptophan is considered a Group of answer choices coactivator inducer an…

A: Step 1 Jacob and Monad (1961) from their study in bacterial genetics proposed that genetic material…

Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.