Q: Explain the causes and types of mutations and their eff ects.
A: Mutations are the abnormal alterations in the DNA sequences or deoxyribonucleic acid sequences.…
Q: explain what mutations are and how they occur?
A: Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It is very essential to maintain…
Q: Describe in detail three spontaneous lesions that can lead to mutations. Give examples.
A: Three spontaneous lesions are depurination, deamination, and transversions. 1. Depurination occurs…
Q: Define the term Mutation?
A: Introduction DNA is composed of the nucleotides arranged in a specific sequence. DNA is composed of…
Q: Explain Deleterious mutations?
A: Mutations are the alterations in the genetic sequence which eventually results in the genetic…
Q: List the functions of mutation?
A: Mutations can be defined as the change in the nucleotide sequence of the original genome. It can be…
Q: Define mutations and explain their causes and categories.
A: The genome is made up of one to several long DNA molecules, and mutations can occur on these…
Q: Give some function of mutation?
A: The cell biology is considered as the study of cells, their structure, cell division, and their…
Q: Explain Synthetic Lethal Mutations.
A: The mutation is caused due to alteration occurred in the gene sequence due to either environmental…
Q: Explain why loss-of-function mutations are frequently recessive, whereas gain-of-function mutations…
A: Mutation is an altered DNA sequence, which leads to changed gene product. Mutations are random and…
Q: explain how mutagens can cause mutations and the impact mutations have on protein synthesis and…
A: A mutation is a change in our DNA sequence that arises as a consequence of errors during DNA…
Q: describe the different types of mutations?
A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…
Q: Describe Deleterious mutations?
A: Alteration in the nucleotides is known as the mutation. These changes can occur due to both, genetic…
Q: define Silent mutations
A: point mutations result in inheritable changes that occur on a single random nucleotide on the DNA.…
Q: Explain Disease-Causing Mutations Are Hidden in a Sea of Variation
A: Introns and exons are nucleotide sequences within a gene. Introns are removed by RNA splicing as RNA…
Q: explain why mutations are rare?
A: In molecular biology, mutations are defined as the alteration in the sequences of the DNA due to…
Q: Distinguish between spontaneous and induced mutations. Whichare more harmful? Which are avoidable?
A: Mutations are sudden change un structure or number of chromosome.It may occur in extra chromosomal…
Q: Explain what a mutation is and how it can cause a genetic disease.
A: Every cell after a certain growth and development it divides. Cell division occurs follwed by…
Q: Explain what mutations are and the role of DNA repair mechanisms.
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid are carried to the succeeding generations. These are the…
Q: Why Spontaneous Mutations Occurat a Very Low Rate?
A: Any permanent alteration in the DNA’s nucleotide sequence is termed as mutation. It may include…
Q: Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and mutant.
A: The human body is made up of the complex level of the genome organization. The change in the level…
Q: List examples of spontaneous mutations.
A: Introduction: spontaneous mutations are rare and occur naturally. once present in the cell, they are…
Q: Define mutation. Explain why some mutations are harmlessand others can be lethal.
A: Genetic variation means variation occurs in the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. Genetic…
Q: Define about missense mutation ?
A: Mutations are changes in the DNA base sequence of any genome. Mutations can be caused naturally due…
Q: Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of mutations.
A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. It may be…
Q: Define a mutation and explain how mutant forms are identified.
A: Any alternation in the sequence of nucleotide in the genome of any organism is known as mutation.…
Q: Define coding and regulatory mutations and provide an example
A: Mutations are the sudden changes that alter the physical or chemical properties of the genetic…
Q: Descrive the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?
A: The mutation is the change in the DNA sequence that can be responsible for changing in the amino…
Q: Please explain the different type of mutations and how do they  occur?
A: Mutation is change taking place in sequence of DNA which can occur either because of mistake during…
Q: Describe two cellular mechanisms that can prevent mutationsfrom occurring.
A: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence. Mistakes in DNA replication can result in mutations.…
Q: Distinguish between spontaneous and induced mutations.
A: Mutations are sudden change in structure or number of chromosomes. There are various types’ of…
Q: Describe some mutation repair mechanisms.
A: Mutations are the change in the genetic sequence of the individual due to external factors. If these…
Q: Distinguish between silent and harmful mutations.
A: The nucleus of every cell has a nucleus inside which the hereditary information in the form of DNA…
Q: Distinguish between a mutation and a mutant
A: Mutation is an altered DNA sequence, which leads to changed gene product. Mutations are random and…
Q: Describe Beneficial mutations?
A: Mutation is an abrupt change in the DNA sequence and nucleotide base pairs. Mutation is caused by…
Q: Explain the possible repercussions to an organism, when a mutation occurs in the genome?
A: Mutation The change or variation occurs in the sequence of DNA is known as mutation. In mutation…
Q: Explain the term mutation.
A: Genes carry coded genetic information in the form of specific nucleotide sequences. This specific…
Q: Describe the different kinds of mutations.
A: A mutation is an adjustment in the nucleotide succession of the genome of an organic entity,…
Q: Does The Effects of a Mutation Can Be Difficult to Predict?
A: A mutation is a change that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when it is damaged or changed…
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- QUESTION 22 Which type of mutation results in no change in amino acid sequence for the protein? Silent Missense Nonsense FrameshiftQUESTION 48 Identify the best match between the mutation description and term. a. Synonymous mutation: has the potential to cause large changes in transcription and subsequence amino acid sequence due to reading frameshifts b. Nonsense mutation: causes a drastic change in phenotype because the change causes a premature stop in the amino acid sequence c. Indel: a change in the DNA that changes the codon code from one amino acid to another amino acid d. Missense mutation: results in a change in single nucleotide from a purine to another purine or a pyrimidine to another pyrimidine but does not change the amino acid sequenceQuestion:- a.Explain the production of chymosin in a prokaryotic vector and the problems encountered in its production. b. What is chymosin used for and why the need for cloning the gene?
- QUESTION 21 What is a promoter? The site where the ribosome begins translation The site where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA in front of the gene. The site where DNA replication begins The site where Okazaki fragments are linked togetherQuestion 9 Both conservative and replicative transposition result in movement of the transposon; however, only conservative transcription Group of answer choices A. Transfers the transposition to the new location without copying it B. Has transposase that cuts at inverted repeats and target sequences C. Produces a second copy of the transposon sequence D. Inserts the transposon sequence into target sequencesQuestion 3 3. What will happen when a deletion mutation occurs in the promoter of the tryptophan operon?
- Question 2: Part a: Complete the table describing different components of intron removal from mRNA. Nu:, X and Y refer to B-type chemistry shown on the previous page. (YELLOW table shown) Part b: Complete the table describing different components of group I self-splicing intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena. (BLUE table shown) Part c: Draw the intron with an all atom structure for Branchpoint A after intron removal from mRNA Part d: Draw the Group I self-splicing intron with an all atom structure for the Guanosine cofactor after intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena.Question 1: Define and give an example of the following: Codon, Start Codon, Anticodon, and Stop Codon. a) How is information from the DNA code copied and moved to the cytoplasm? b) What are the base pairing rules followed when one DNA strand is read and an mRNA made? Question 2: What eukaryotic sub-cellular structure is responsible for making proteins? a) Is this sub-cellular structure present in prokaryotes? b) What is the name of the enzyme responsible for making the mRNA? c) Is DNA always inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?QUESTION 20 Which of the following is not true with respect to eukaryotic genes? They contain introns which do not code for protein They can exist as operons, with multiple genes under the control of a single promoter They require transcription factors for initiation of transcription Termination sites for transcription are not well defined
- What did the HapMap Project accomplish?QUESTION 33 33. Which defines a codon? A. a protein that beins transcription by breaking apart H bonds B. a free-floating base that attaches to an open DNA strand C. the genetic code word of three bases on mRNA that specify one amino acid D. the strong bond between two complementary nitrogen bases QUESTION 34 34. What is the role of tRNA during translation? A. carry amino acids to the mRNA for correct placement into the protein chain B. carry ribosomes to the site of protein synthesis C. break apart mRNA and send it back to the nucleus so that it can be reused D. bond to open the DNA strand to carry the code for protein synthesis out of the nucleus QUESTION 35 35. Which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequences of bases mutated to CACUUG? A. the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected B. the identity of 1 amino acid would change C. the identity of more than 1 amino acid…What is points mutations.