Answered: FIGURE 12.15 Water Mold The whlte…

Science

Biology

FIGURE 12.15 Water Mold The whlte "threads" secrete digestive enzymes used to break down organic compounds.

Aquaculture Science

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781133558347

Author:Parker

Publisher:Parker

Chapter11: Health Of Aquatic Animals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6KA

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Concept explainers

Fungi

Fungi can be single-celled or complex multicellular creatures. They are found in pretty much any natural surroundings; however, they generally live on the land, principally in soil or plant material instead of in the ocean or water. Fungi are the members of the group called the decomposers that live off dead and decaying matters. Fungi assume a significant part in the carbon cycle and its different components. They act as a parasite by causing illnesses like rusts, scabs, or ulcers. In crops, contagious illnesses can prompt critical money-related misfortune for the rancher. An exceptionally modest number of growths cause illnesses in creatures. In people, these incorporate skin illnesses such as competitors' feet, ringworm, and thrush.

Question

How is a water mold like a fungus; how is it different?

FIGURE 12.15 Water Mold The whlte "threads" secrete digestive
enzymes used to break down organic compounds.

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One Tough Bug The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, Ferroplasma acidarmanus, was discovered in one of the most contaminated sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine in California. F. acidarmamus is the main constituent of .slime streamers (a type of biofilm) growing in water draining from this abandoned copper mine (right). The water is hot (about 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. F. acidarmanus cells have an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that uses electrons pulled from iron-sulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. Removing electrons from these compounds dissolves the minerals, so groundwater in the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of solutes, including metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The pathway also produces .sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cell to zero. F. acidarmanus cells keep their internal pH at a cozy 5.0 despite Living in an environment similar to hot battery acid. However, most of the cells enzymes function best al much lower pH (FIGURE 5.13). Thus, researchers think F. acidarmanus may have an unknown type of internal compartment that keeps their enzymes in a highly acidic environmental. FIGURE 5.13 pH anomaly of Ferroplasma acidarmanus. Left graphs showing pH activity profile of four enzymes isolated from Ferraplasma acidarmanus Researchers had expected all of these enzymes to function best at the calls cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What is the optimal pH for the carboxylesterase?
One Tough Bug The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, Ferroplasma acidarmanus, was discovered in one of the most contaminated sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine in California. F. acidarmamus is the main constituent of .slime streamers (a type of biofilm) growing in water draining from this abandoned copper mine (right). The water is hot (about 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. F. acidarmanus cells have an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that uses electrons pulled from iron-sulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. Removing electrons from these compounds dissolves the minerals, so groundwater in the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of solutes, including metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The pathway also produces .sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cell to zero. F. acidarmanus cells keep their internal pH at a cozy 5.0 despite Living in an environment similar to hot battery acid. However, most of the cells enzymes function best al much lower pH (FIGURE 5.13). Thus, researchers think F. acidarmanus may have an unknown type of internal compartment that keeps their enzymes in a highly acidic environmental. FIGURE 5.13 pH anomaly of Ferroplasma acidarmanus. Left graphs showing pH activity profile of four enzymes isolated from Ferraplasma acidarmanus Researchers had expected all of these enzymes to function best at the calls cytoplasmic pH (5.0). Of the four enzymes profiled in the graphs, how many function optimally at a pH lower than 5? How many retain significant function at pH 5?