For a 5,000 RPM disk, assume its average seek time is 7 msec, and it has 100 MB/sec bandwidth; assume the sector size is 512 bytes. (In this problem, MB means 1,000,000 bytes.) How long does it take to access 2,048 bytes of contiguous data on average? What is the average throughput (bytes per second) if the user accesses 512 bytes for each I/O? Assume the data is perfectly aligned on the disk. How long does it take to access 1 MB of contiguous data (on average)? What is the average throughput (bytes per second) if the user accesses 1 MB for each I/O operations? Assume the data is perfectly aligned on the disk. Suppose a user expects his or her average throughput to reach 50% of the disk’s maximum bandwidth. Find the minimum I/O size needed to achieve this

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Fundamentals of Input and Output Performance

The I/O subsystem is a component of computer system design that uses buses to assist communication between the Central Processing Unit, Computer Memory/Storage, and Input and Output Devices (that is known as peripheral devices). The I/O subsystem includes disc controllers, tape drives, discs, system buses, and other devices. The I/O database application reads and writes drives using the operating system windows I/O.