For all the computed values with decimals, use four (4) digits after the decimal. An instrument is set-up at point M and vertical angles are observed at N (-21°15’) and O (+33°45’). The height of instrument from point M is 1.5865m. The horizontal distance of NM and NO are 353.2552m and 937.5565m respectively. If point O is at elevation 621.6453m, Determine the elevation of N neglecting the effects of curvature and refraction. Determine the elevation of N making due allowance for curvature and refraction

Structural Analysis
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Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
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Chapter2: Loads On Structures
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 For all the computed values with decimals, use four (4) digits after the decimal.

An instrument is set-up at point M and vertical angles are observed at N (-21°15’) and O (+33°45’). The height of instrument from point M is 1.5865m. The horizontal distance of NM and NO are 353.2552m and 937.5565m respectively. If point O is at elevation 621.6453m,

Determine the elevation of N neglecting the effects of curvature and refraction.

Determine the elevation of N making due allowance for curvature and refraction.

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