forces the steady state elongation flow is given as: v, = éz; v, = -ér; ve = 0 where é is the elongational rate. Verify that the velocity distribution satisfies the continuity equation and show that for an incompressible Newtonian fluid, the steady elongational flow
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- A fluid has a kinematic viscosity ν=15x10-6 m2 s-1 and a density ρ=1 kg m-3. In a given industrial application we have a straight, circular pipe of radius 0.1 m and length 11.8 m. A pressure drop of Δp=4.8 Pa is imposed to drive the flow. Assuming a fully developed and steady state flow in the entire pipe, find the wall shear stress magnitude in SI units? Give your answer to three decimal places.Consider a 2-dimensional incompressible flow field. The vertical component of velocity forthe flow field is given by 2y. The pressure at (x, y) = 0,0 is given by 3 bar absolute. The densityof the fluid is 1.2 Kg/m3 . Find. a) x-component of velocity; b) acceleration at point (x, y) = 2,1;c) pressure gradient at the same point; d) pressure gradient along the x-axis; e) check whetherthe flow is irrotational; f) find the potential function; g) find the stream function; h) equationfor streamline and sketch few streamlines.The diameter of a pipe changes gradually from 75 mm at a point A, 6 m above datum, to 150 mm at B, 3 m above datum. The pressure at A is 103 kPa and the velocity of flow is 3.6 m/s. Neglecting losses, with the aid of a neat sketch, determine the pressure at B
- If a flow field is characterized by V⃗ = y2zx î+ x2yzt ĵ+ z2 k̂. a) Is the flow steady? b) Local acceleration c) Convective acceleration d) Is the field irrotational? e) Is the flow incompressible?f) All possible strains rates. Are shear forces present in this force field?A2 A Newtonian fluid with viscosity (Mu) flows upward at a steady rate between two parallel plates that make an angle y with the horizontal. The fluid thickness h is much smaller than the width of the channel W. The pressures at each end, P(0) and P(L), are known and the pressure variations in the y-direction are small. Assume that Vy and Vz = 0 and Vx is a function of y alone. Use the shell balance to approach : - the Total flowrate, QVConsider steady, incompressible, parallel, laminar flow of a film of oil falling slowly down an infinite vertical wall. The oil film thickness is h, and gravity acts in the negative z-direction. There is no applied (forced) pressure driving the flow—the oil falls by gravity alone., except for the case in which the wall is inclined at angle ?. Generate expressions for both the pressure and velocity fields. As a check, make sure that your result agrees with that of when ? = 90°. [Hint: It is most convenient to use the (s, y, n) coordinate system with velocity components (us, ?, un), where y is into the page in Fig. Plot the dimensionless velocity profile us* versus n* for the case in which ? = 60°.]
- Liquid is pushed through the narrow gap formed between two glass plates. Thedistance between the plates is h and the width of the plate is b . Assuming that theflow is laminar, two-dimensional and fully developed, derive a formula for thelongitudinal pressure gradient in terms of the volumetric flow rate, Q, the fluid viscosityand the distances b and h .In an example the above conditions apply with b = 0.10 m and h = 0.00076 m. Theliquid is glycerine that has an absolute viscosity of 0.96 N s/m². A pressure differenceof 192 kN/m² is applied over a distance of 0.24 m. Calculate the maximum velocity thatoccurs in the centre plane of the gap and the mean velocity.Answer 0.06 m/sWhen a viscous, incompressible fluid enters a pipe of radius, R, its velocity is uniform and of magnitude U0. The fluid eventually becomes fully-developed, at which point it has a parabolic velocity profile described by the equation u(r) = Umax[ 1 − ( r/R )^2 ] , where r is the radial distance measured from the center line of the pipe. Determine an expression for the ratio of the max velocity of the fully-developed pipe flow to the uniform inlet velocity, Umax/U0. The fluid is flowing steadilyA sink of strength 20 m2/s is situated 3 m upstream of a source of 40 m²/s in a uniform stream. It is found that, at a point 2.5 m from both source and sink, the local velocity is normal to the line joining the source and sink. Find the velocity at this point and the velocity of the uniform stream. Locate any stagnation points and sketch the flow field.
- Explain the difference between the Energy law of Thermodynamics and Bernouli's Law in phase 1 and 2 flow. and also explain the flow that uses the above formula. draw the flow and formula, give an explanation of the formula. and provide references related to sources or books used for phase flow.A pipe inclined at 45° to the horizontal (Fig. 2) converges over a length l of 2 m from a diameterd1 of 200 mm to a diameter d2 of 100 mm at the upper end. Oil of relative density 0.9 flowsthrough the pipe at a mean velocity ?̅1 at the lower end of 2 m/s. Find the pressure differenceacross the 2 m length ignoring any loss of energy, and the difference in level that would beshown on a mercury manometer connected across this length. The relative density of mercury is 13.6 and the leads to the manometer arefilled with the oil.A 150 mm horizontal waterline contracts abruptly to 75 mm diameter. A pressure gage 150 mm upstream from the contraction reads 34.5 kPa when the mean velocity in the 150 mm pipe is 1.5 m/s. What will pressure gages read 0.6 m downstream and just downstream from the contraction if the diameter of the vena contracta is 61 mm? Neglect pipe friction