From an agricultural point of view, discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof selective breeding. It is common for plant breeders to take two different, highly inbred strains, which are the product of many generations of selective breeding, and cross them to make hybrids. How does this approach overcome some of the disadvantages of selective breeding?
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From an agricultural point of view, discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of selective breeding. It is common for plant breeders to take two different, highly inbred strains, which are the product of many generations of selective breeding, and cross them to make hybrids. How does this approach overcome some of the disadvantages of selective breeding?
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- Maize is a highly cross-pollinated crop and heterotic phenomenon is evident from the currently available hybrids. If you are given a huge random germplasm pool of maize, what procedure you will adopt to develop competitive high yielding hybrids.A large, genetically heterogeneous group of tomato plants was usedas the original breeding stock by two different breeders, namedMary and Hector. Each breeder was given 50 seeds and began aselective breeding strategy, much like that described in Figure24.11. The seeds were planted, and the breeders selected the 10plants with the highest mean tomato weights as the breeding stockfor the next generation. This process was repeated over the courseof 12 growing seasons, and the following data were obtained: A. Explain these results.B. Another tomato breeder, named Martin, got some seeds fromMary’s and Hector’s tomato strains (after 12 generations),grew the plants, and then crossed them to each other. The mean weight of the tomatoes in these hybrids was about 1.7 pounds.For a period of 5 years, Martin subjected these hybrids to thesame selective breeding strategy that Mary and Hector had followed,and he obtained the following results: Explain Martin’s data. Why was Martin able to obtain…Let's say that you were a farmer and you have a field of peas of various genotypes. Pretend that you only want to produce wrinkled peas. What would you do with your current plants to ensure that the next generation is mostly wrinkled peas? (You can't buy different plants; work with what you have.)
- What are the big constraints of plant breeding is called?A strain of plants has a mean height of 24 cm. A second strain ofthe same species from a different geographical region also has a mean height of 24 cm. When plants from the two strains arecrossed together, the F1 plants are the same height as the parentplants. However, the F2 generation shows a wide range ofheights; the majority are like the P1 and F1 plants, but approximately4 of 1000 are only 12 cm high, and about 4 of 1000 are36 cm high. Question: What mode of inheritance is occurring here?In tomatoes, tall vines (T) are dominant to dwarf vines (t) and red fruit ( R) is dominant to yellow fruit (r). A farmer makes a homozygous tall, red tomato plant with a heterozygous tall, red tomato plant. What is the percentage chance that the offspring will be dwarf plants with yellow fruit?
- Rice is a staple food in Asia. In the 1950s, Asia faced food shortages and an impending famine. If you have relatives that lived in Asia during the ’50s and ’60s, they may tell you that due to the rice shortage, many starved and those who were lucky had to supplement their diet with other crops, such as barley. In 1962, an organization focused on research and development of rice called the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) developed a high-yielding variety of rice by crossing the two types of rice from Indonesia and China. The result was groundbreaking. The new variety called IR8 (India Rice 8) increased its yield as much as 10 times the traditional variety of rice. By the early 1970s, many rice farmers in India, the Philippines, and Vietnam switched to cultivating IR8 rice, making these countries into major rice exporters, preventing a mass famine in Asia, and saving millions of lives. In many major Canadian cities, a GMO-free, organic diet is becoming more popular, as can…Why plant breeders intend to change the inheritance of crop plants? How plant breeders can change the heredity of crop plants? Explain your answer in briefly.A strawberry farmer determines that the average weight of individualstrawberries produced by plants in his garden is 2 g. He selects the 10plants that produce the largest strawberries; the average weight of strawberries produced by these selected plants is 6 g. He interbreedsthese selected plants. The progeny of these selected plants producestrawberries that weigh an average of 5 g. If the farmer were to selectplants that produce strawberries with an average weight of 4 g, whatwould be the predicted weight of strawberries produced by the progenyof those selected plants?
- Hibiscus plants have different varieties of flowers. In an instance, both the red and white flowers showed that they are incompletely dominant with each other. What will happen if these two varieties are bred? Explain. A) the flowers will have a pink color B) the flowers will grow more petals C) the flowers will have red and white patches D) the flowers will have a red colorHibiscus plants have different varieties of flowers. In an instance, both the red and white flowers showed that they are incompletely dominant with each other. What is the percentage of the flowers' phenotype that was produced in the Hibiscus experiment? Explain. A) 125% B) 75% C) 100% D) 50%Two true breeding plants are cross pollinated. One plant is homozygous dominant for heightand color while the other is homozygous recessive for height and color. (A:tall, a:short, B:brown,b:red) The F1 plants are allowed to self-fertilize to produce an F2 generation. After conductingan experiment we get the following results:398 tall and brown plants122 tall and red plants128 short and brown plants45 short and red plants Using the Chi Square formula and table, determine if your results support the hypothesis ofindependent assortment or not. Show your work. You don’t need to show your Punnett Squaresif you include a statement as to how you figured out the appropriate phenotypic ratio for the F2generation. Round to 1 decimal.4a. What possible gametes can the following individual make: AaBb4b. What possible gametes can the following individual make: AaBbCC