Ms. Biñas is a plant lover. She amused herself by often seeing those beautiful greeneries with combined colors of green at the center and yellow along the edge of the plant's leaves. Based on the situation above, Ms. Biñas often likes to see plants that are carriers of the gene for green pigments O plants with patch and chevron pattern plants that follow codominant traits O plants with intermediate character for two traits
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- A cross between two pea plants, both of which grewfrom yellow round seeds, gave the following numbersof seeds: 156 yellow round and 54 yellow wrinkled.What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Yellowand round are dominant traits.)In a plant, fruit color is either red or yellow, and fruit shape iseither oval or long. Red and oval are the dominant traits. Twoplants, both heterozygous for these traits, were testcrossed, withthe results shown in the following table. Determine the locationof the genes relative to one another and the genotypes of the twoparental plants. ProgenyPhenotype Plant A Plant Bred, long 46 4yellow, oval 44 6 red, oval 5 43yellow, long 5 47Total 100 100A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: How many total gene pairs are involved in the inheritance of both eye color and croaking?
- A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: Assign gene symbols for all phenotypes, and indicate the genotypes of the P1, F1, and F2 frogs.A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: After many years, the frog geneticist isolated true-breeding lines of all six F2 phenotypes. Indicate the F1 and F2 phenotypic ratios of a cross between a blue, mutterer anda purple, utterer.Midphalangeal hair (hair on top of the middlesegment of the fingers) is a common phenotypecaused by a dominant allele M. Homozygotes forthe recessive allele (mm) lack hair on the middlesegment of their fingers. Among 1000 families inwhich both parents had midphalangeal hair, 1853children showed the trait while 209 children did not.Explain this result
- A. C. Stevenson and E. A. Cheeseman studied deafness in a family inNorthern Ireland and recorded the following pedigree (A. C. Stevensonand E. A. Cheeseman. 1956. Annals of Human Genetics 20:177–231).A rare recessive allele inherited in a Mendelian mannercauses the disease cystic fibrosis. A phenotypically normal man whose father had cystic fibrosis marries a phenotypically normal woman from outside the family, andthe couple consider having a child.a. Draw the pedigree as far as described.b. If the frequency in the population of heterozygotesfor cystic fibrosis is 1 in 50, what is the chance that thecouple’s first child will have cystic fibrosis?c. If the first child does have cystic fibrosis, what is theprobability that the second child will be normal?For all seven characters described in the data of Mendel allowed the F2 plants to self-fertilize. He found that whenF2 plants with recessive traits were crossed to each other, theyalways bred true. However, when F2 plants with dominant traitswere crossed, some bred true but others did not. A summary ofMendel’s results is shown to the right When considering the data in this table, keep in mind that theydescribe the characteristics of the F2 generation parents that haddisplayed a dominant phenotype. These data were deduced byanalyzing the outcome of the F3 generation. Based on Mendel’slaws, explain why the ratios were approximately 1:2
- Francis Galton, a geneticist of the pre-Mendelian era, devised the principle that half of our genetic makeup is derived from each parent, one-quarter from each grandparent, one-eighth from each great-grandparent, and soforth. Was he right? ExplaiIn sweet pea plant, an allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant when paired with a recessive allele for red flowers (p). An allele for long pollen grains (L) is dominant when paired with a recessive allele for round pollen grain (l). Bateson and Punnett crossed a plant having purple flowers/long pollen grains with one having white/flowers/round pollen grains. All F1 offspring had purple flowers and long pollen grains. Among the F2 generation, the researchers observed the following phenotypes: 296 purple flowers/long pollen grains 19 purple flowers/round pollen grains 27 red flowers/long pollen grains 85 red flowers/round pollen grains What is the best explanation for these results?Monozygotic (MZ) twins have a concordance value of 44% for a specific trait, whereas dizygotic twins have a concordance value of less than 5% for the same trait. What could explain why the value for MZ twins is significantly less than 100%?