Full Model Reduced Model Odds Ratio (95% CI) P- value Odds Ratio (95% CI) p-value Factor Constant 0.072 0.005 0.048 <0.001 Diabetic 2.671 (1.00 - 7.090) 0.048 2.374 (1.011 - 5.575) 0.047 Current/Former Tobacco Use 1.695 (1.059 - 2.711) 0.028 1.617 (1.063 - 2.461) 0.025 BMI (kg/m2) 1.044 (0.995 - 1.094) 0.079 1.053 (1.018 - 1.088) 0.002 Actual Weight of Breast Reduction (g) 1.001 (1.000 - 1.002) 0.183 Nipple to IMF Distance (cm) 1.064 (0.970 - 1.166) 0.188 Sternal Notch to Nipple Distance (cm) 0.955 (0.888 - 1.027) 0.212
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- What is the default setting for confidence level for 23andMe? (Meaning, what percent sure is the company of your results?) A. 50% B. 75% C. 90% D. 100%27. The probability that a screening test classifies as positive those individuals who have a preclinical diseaseis known as _____.A. Specificity B. Sensitivity C. Validity D. Reliability 28. Which of the following choices refers to the data between the probability of a positive test result giventhe presence of the disease and the probability of a positive test result given the absence of the disease?A. Negative likelihood ratioB. Negative predictive valueC. Positive likelihood ratioD. Positive predictive value[S] (mM) v0 (mM/sec) 6 150 17 250 29 260 40 360 50 350 60 400 72 403 82 425 92 430 103 442 115 455 125 450 Km and Vmax obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk plot and linear regression analysis for the data in Table 2 are 16.9 mM and 503 mM respectively. Compare these values to the values obtained Vmax = 525.3 µM/sec Km = 20.70 µM . Which method, nonlinear regression or linear regression, is more tolerant to an experimental error? Note that lower substrate concentrations, which often have the greater error, have a greater effect on the slope of the line in the Lineweaver-Burk plot.
- 4. Which of the following is/are TRUE from the given statements below?I. Relative risk is interpreted the same as odds ratio.II. In a case-control study, only the odds ratio can be calculated as a measure of association.III. In a case-control study, we cannot calculate the relative risk directly.IV. In cohort studies, we do not have information about the incidence of disease in exposed versusnonexposed persons.A. I and II B. I only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV 5. Which among the following is/are basic components related to EBM?I. Research data evidencesII. Patient preferencesIII. Patient valuesIV. Clinicians’ experiencesA. I and II B. I only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV1. Which of the following is synonymous with incidence which assess the rate of occurrence of the condition ofthe disease?A. Absolute risk B. Odds ratio C. Relative risk D. Risk ratio2. Which among the following estimates the strength of association between exposure and disease?A. Absolute risk B. Odds ratio C. Relative risk D. Risk ratio3. Which of the following is related to measurement of reliability?A. Accuracy of scoresB. Comprehensiveness of the scoresC. Consistency of scoresD. Dependency of the scoresBy convention, when the difference between the observed experimental outcome and the expected outcome is less than 5 percent (< 0.05), the experimental results are considered to be Group of answer choices a)less than one standard deviation from the mean. b)within the normal range. c)not significant. d)statistically significant and different from the expected outcome.
- When studies included in a systematic review are found to be heterogeneous, what type of statistical model should be used to combine the study’s findings? Question 5 options: a random effects model a chi-square model logistic regression model a linear regression modelusing the article listed Yeom, Y. H., & Lee, S. J. (2023). Moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in patients with ischemic heart disease: A cross-sectional study. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 35, 204-211. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2023.35.3.204 answer the question 11. The variable monthly income in the regression model of the study is best described as a(n)A. Independent variable.B. Dependent variable.C. Research variable.D. Demographic variable.E. Extraneous variable.12. Is the source cited as reference [9] in the article a monograph?A. YesB. No13. The source cited as reference [16] in the literature review of the study is best described as ... A. Verified literature B. Unverified literatureC. Empirical literatureD. Theoretical literatureYou read a study in which 55 male participants (aged 55-70 years) were assessed for handgrip strength, and changes in cardiovascular health over a 2-year period. In the statistical analysis section of the paper you note that the researchers used regression analysis as the statistical procedure. The researchers identify the independent variable as handgrip strength, and the dependent variable as change in cardiovascular health. What do you think the research question could be?You read a study in which 55 male participants (aged 55-70 years) were assessed for handgrip strength, and changes in cardiovascular health over a 2-year period. In the statistical analysis section of the paper you note that the researchers used regression analysis as the statistical procedure. The researchers identify the independent variable as handgrip strength, and the dependent variable as change in cardiovascular health. What do you think the research question could be? Select one: a. Does handgrip strength…
- 1. 40 OT students were randomized into two groups and 40 nursing students were randomized into two groups. One of the OT groups and one of the nursing groups were given the opportunity to participate in a research project and present their data at an IPE conference. The other group of OT students and nursing students completed their normal course work. At the end of the semester the faculty measured all of their students’ knowledge about research design and confidence presenting information to others. (a) Independent Variable(s): (b) Dependent Variables(s): (c) Research Design: 2. 60 participants with a diagnosis of bulbar type ALS were divided into two groups to work with SLP either 3 times a week for 1 hour or 6 times a week for 2 hours. At the end of the study, all participants completed an assessment of speech quality and swallowing ability. (a) Independent Variable(s): (b) Dependent Variables(s): (c) Research Design:1. Which of the following study designs can account for confounding by variables that have not been measured? A. Prospective CohortB. Randomized Controlled Trial C. Cross-SectionalD. Case-Control 2. Suppose these same investigators now want to conduct a study to examine whether loss of 20 or more teeth is a risk factor for stroke. Should they consider hypertension to be a confounding variable?[see attachment] A. Yes B. No E. None of the above 3. Participants were recruited who resided close to a large urban hospital. For this study, the most relevant consequence of this methodological choice:[see attachment] A. Reduced losses to follow-up B. Reduced generalizabilityC. Reduced powerD. Reduced Hawthorne effect 4. Which of the following tests is the best choicce to test the null hypothesis that the unasjusted prevalence of hypertension is the same among partiicpants with fewer than 20 teeth and 20 or more teeth? A. Unpaired t-test, B. Paired t-test, C. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), D.…The basal or resting heart rate typically has a mean of 70 beats per minute (bpm) with a standard deviation of 10 bpm. A. Construct a 95% confidence interval around the Population Mean (Caution: first determine if a Z-value or t-value should be used... remember to use a Z-value if the Population Std. Dev. Is known) a. Z or t Value associated with 95% CL= b. Standard Error (SE) = c. Margin of Error (M) = d. LCL = UCL = B. A sample of 25 students relaxing before the Bio-stat midterm measured a mean = 75. Based on the Confidence Interval, is the basal heart rate for these 25 students significantly different from 70 at the 5% level? Yes/No please answer all questions as this all are connevted to each other