Gastrulation... A. Is a specialized form of cell division that partitions the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg B. Refers to the fusion of haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote C. Produces an embryo with either two or three distinct cell layers D. Is a developmental stage consisting of a cell layer surrounding a fluid-filled space E. None of the above

Gastrulation... A. Is a specialized form of cell division that partitions the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg B. Refers to the fusion of haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote C. Produces an embryo with either two or three distinct cell layers D. Is a developmental stage consisting of a cell layer surrounding a fluid-filled space E. None of the above

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter27: Introduction To Animal Diversity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RQ: During embryonic development, unique cell layers develop into specific groups of tissues or organs...

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Fertilization _____. a. unites the nuclei of a sperm and egg cell b. forms a zygote that has chromosomes of both parents c. usually occurs in an oviduct d. all of the above e. a and b but not c
During cleavage, the _______ is converted to a ball of cells, which in turn is transformed into the __________. a. zygote; blastocyst b. trophoblast; embryonic disk c. ovum; embryonic disk d. blastocyst; embryonic disk
In cleavage states what is blastomeres, 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, and 8-cell stage.
There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?
Which of the following is not true about neurulation? Choose all possible answers. a. Segregation of neural ectodermal rudiment from the epidermal ectoderm. b. In primary neurulation, the neural plate thickens along its midline into a solid cord of cells that is displaced internally and cavitates to form a hollow tube. c. In secondary neurulation, the neural plate folds along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo, forming a tube that detaches from, and is displaced under, the epidermal ectoderm. d. Ectoderm forms the neural tube e. Mesoderm forms the reproductive organs f. Endoderm forms the gut g. All are true about neurulation
Fill in the blank: _________________ fluid protects the embryo from jarred movements and provides a watery environment fordevelopment.
SOME EVENTS IN THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION 1. A single sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus fuse to form a zygote. 2. Many sperm cells travel a path through the outer layer of the egg cell. 3. The egg's plasma membrane is penetrated by a sperm cell. 4. A rapid depolarization of the egg plasma membrane occurs. The correct sequence to complete the fertilization of the egg is , , and
There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Egg-binding proteins on the sperm cell surface bind to molecules on the egg cell membrane. What happens to the chromosomes of the sperm and egg? The sperm cell membrane fuses with the egg plasma membrane, allowing the sperm nucleus and centriole to enter the egg cytoplasm. What is the purpose/role of the centriole during fertilization? The final event would be when the egg and sperm pronuclei migrate toward each other in preparation for syngamy. What is the purpose of reproduction?
Which of the following statements is false? a. Cadherins, but not integrins play a role in gastrulation. b. Gastrulation creates the primary germ layers c. Gastrulation requires cells to change their gene expression. d. Body axes are stabilized (made permanent) during gastrulation.
Which of the following is true about Cleavage? Choose all possible answers a. At the end of cleavage, a 32-cell zygote called morula is formed. b. The angle and timing of mitotic spindle influence the pattern of embryonic cleavage. c. Cleavage is a series of mitosis that happens after the formation of zygote. d. The yolk protein is essential in determining where cleavage can occur
Which of the following will result in identical twins?a. fertilization of two eggs by two different spermb. division of a zygote into two masses before differentiation has begunc. fertilization of two eggs by the same spermd. fertilization of one egg by two different sperm
The epiblast and hypoblast both develop from the inner cell mass cells in the mammalian embryo. The hypoblast becomes a specific structure that is known by two different names. What is this structure? Provide both names. 1. The hypoblast becomes the: ___________________ 2. The hypoblast becomes the: ____________________ Provide the name of the structure that is where gastrulation begins in each animal model. In the case of the frog and fish, this structure is known by two different names – there is a space below to provide each name. 1. Xenopus (frog): ___________________ 2. Xenopus (frog): ____________________ 3. Zebrafish: ____________________ 4. Zebrafish: ____________________ 5. Mammals: ____________________