Germination of a seed commences with the uptake of water and is completed with the appearance of the embryo, in most species radical first, through the surrounding structures. Table 1 gives data regarding germination rates for treated and untreated seeds. (a) (b) Table 1: Germination rates for treated and untreated seeds Germinated Not Germinated 85 120 At 1% significance level, is the germination rate the same for the treated and the untreated seed? (c) Treated Untreated 15 30 State a suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the problem. Test the hypotheses in part (a) by using x² test. Write your conclusion.
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- To determine the effect of a growth stimulant, 24 feedlot beef cattle were randomly assigned to three groups at eight per group. Cattles in group 3 were given an injection of 10 units of a growth hormone, cattle in group 2 received an injection of 5 units, and group 1 received no injection. The cattle are of the same breed and age and were fed identically at the same location. The weight gained, in pounds, were recorded after a specified period. Cite requisites of the experimental condition in the context of the problem for the completely randomized design to be a valid design. Explain your answer.A randomized trial is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new cholesterol lowering medication. The primary outcome is incident coronary artery disease. Participants are free of coronary artery disease at the start of the study and randomized to receive either the new medication or placebo. Participants are followed for a maximum of 10 years for the development of coronary artery disease. Number of coronary artery disease Total Follow-Up (person-years) Medication 28 3451 Placebo 42 2984 Compute the incidence rate (per person-year) of coronary artery disease in patients receiving the medication.The germination rate of seeds is defined as the proportion of seeds that, when properly planted and watered, sprout and grow. A certain variety of grass seed usually has a germination rate of 0.80, and a company wants to see if spraying the seeds with a chemical that is known to change germination rates in other species will change the germination rate of this grass species. (a) Suppose the company plans to spray a random sample of 400 seeds and conduct a two-sided test of 0: 0.8Hpusing = 0.05. They determine that the power of this test against the alternative 0.75pis 0.69. Interpret the power of this test.(b) Describe two ways the company can increase the power of the test. What is a disadvantage of each of these ways? (c) The company researchers spray 400 seeds with the chemical and 307 of the seeds germinate. This produces a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of seeds that germinate of (0.726, 0.809). Use this confidence interval to determine whether the test described in…
- Measles is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory system and is caused by a virus. Despite the fact that more than 80% of the world’s population is vaccinated for it, measles remains the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In general, the term pathogenesis refers to the way a disease originates and develops over time. In the case of measles, the virus enters through the respiratory tract and replicates there before spreading into the bloodstream and then the skin. Figure 1: Shown is a transmission electron micrograph of a measles virus. The measles pathogenesis function used to model the development of the disease is given by the following equation: f (t) = −t (t − 21) (t + 1) Where t is measured in days and f (t) represents the number of infected cells per millilitre [mL] of plasma. What is the peak infection time for the measles virus? Solve the above problem through the following steps: (a) Expand equation 2 fully. (b) Calculate the first derivative f′ (t), of the…Measles is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory system and is caused by a virus. Despite the fact that more than 80% of the world’s population is vaccinated for it, measles remains the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In general, the term pathogenesis refers to the way a disease originates and develops over time. In the case of measles, the virus enters through the respiratory tract and replicates there before spreading into the bloodstream and then the skin.Figure 1: Shown is a transmission electron micrograph of a measles virus.1The measles pathogenesis function used to model the development of the disease is given by the following equation: f (t) = −t(t − 21)(t + 1) (2)where t is measured in days and f (t) represents the number of infected cells per milliliter [mL] of plasma. What is the peak infection time for the measles virus? Solve the above problem through the following steps:(a) Expand equation 2 fully. [1] (b) Calculate the first derivative f′ (t), of the…Researchers have found that neotropical rivers support a diverse array of endemic taxa, including electric fishes of the order Gymnotiformes. A comprehensive survey of the main channels of the Amazon River and its major tributaries (>2000-kilometer transect) yielded 43 electric fish species. Biogeographical analyses suggest that local mainstem electric fish diversity is enhanced by tributaries (meaning that downstream in the tributary, the species count should be higher). Test this hypothesis, giving your null hypothesis, the value of your test statistic, and your biological conclusion. Data is here: https://github.com/lisamanne/biostats_data/raw/main/amazon_tributary_electric_fish.csv I��,14,19 Juta�,11,18 Japur�,8,8 Coari,5,7 Purus,10,16 Manacapuru,5,6 Negro,23,24 Madeira,29,30 Trombetas,19,16 Tapaj�s,16,20 Xingu,25,21 Tocantins,10,12
- Measles is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory system and is caused by a virus. Despite the fact that more than 80% of the world’s population is vaccinated for it, measles remains the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In general, the term pathogenesis refers to the way a disease originates and develops over time. In the case of measles, the virus enters through the respiratory tract and replicates there before spreading into the bloodstream and then the skin.The measles pathogenesis function used to model the development of the disease is given by the following equation: f (t) = −t (t − 21) (t + 1) Where t is measured in days and f (t) represents the number of infected cells per millilitre [mL] of plasma. What is the peak infection time for the measles virus? Solve the above problem through the following steps: (a)Expand equation f (t) = −t (t − 21) (t + 1) in fully. (b) Calculate the first derivative f′ (t), of the equation found in part (a). (c) Find the…We have a sample of 2,400 geriatric patients who are in an assisted living home, of which 1,200 participated in a new preventative Drug A. Rates of UTIs tend to be higher than average among this population. As part of a preventative and treatment intervention, we are examining the performance of several drugs: Preventative Drug (before the onset of UTI) Drug A: preventative UTI drug taken daily in hopes to prevent the growth of bacteria that causes UTIs Treatment Drugs (after the onset of UTI) Drug B: New antibiotic for treating UTIs Drug C: Conventional antibiotic for treating UTIs Information for how many patients took each drug or combination of drugs is summarized below in the two tables. Use these to answer questions a) -d) Table 1. Summary of performance of drug A: UTI rates among those taking and not taking drug A Did not take Drug A Did take Drug A Total UTI 759 887 1646 No UTI 441 312 753 Total 1200 1200 2400 Table 2. Summary of performance of drug B and C: recovery…how to find that which type of kurtosis is represent by the curve in sample distribution.
- Water availability is of prime importance in the life cycle of most reptiles. To determine the rate of evaporative water loss of a certain species of lizard at a particular desert site, 34 such lizards were randomly collected, weighed and placed under the appropriate experimental conditions. After 24 hours, each lizard was removed, weighed, and its total water loss was calculated by subtracting its body weight after treatment from its initial body weight. Previous studies have shown that the relative frequency distribution of water loss for this species of lizard has a mean of 3.1 grams and a s.d. of 0.8 gram b) What is the probability that x is less than 2.7 grams?Water availability is of prime importance in the life cycle of most reptiles. To determine the rate of evaporative water loss of a certain species of lizard at a particular desert site, 34 such lizards were randomly collected, weighed and placed under the appropriate experimental conditions. After 24 hours, each lizard was removed, weighed, and its total water loss was calculated by subtracting its body weight after treatment from its initial body weight. Previous studies have shown that the relative frequency distribution of water loss for this species of lizard has a mean of 3.1 grams and a s.d. of 0.8 gram. a) What is the approximate sampling distribution of x , the mean water loss of the 34 lizardsRadiation in Baby Teeth Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 (in millibecquerels, or mBq) in a simple random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents born after 1979 (based on data from “An Unexpected Rise in Strontium-90 in U.S. Deciduous Teeth in the 1990s,” by Mangano et. al., Science of the Total Environment).