Given a plaintext in HEX P1=AE1C, the encrypted cipher text is C1=87D2 with key K through stream cipher. Another Cipher text C2=6FF1 is encrypted by the same key K from P2 through stream cipher. Please decrypt the plaintext P2. You should transfer HEX to Binary number then calculate.(Use the property of XOR, don't calculate the key K
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- In a substitution cipher, we “encrypt” (i.e., conceal in a reversible way) a message by replacing every letter with another letter. To do so, we use a key: in this case, a mapping of each of the letters of the alphabet to the letter it should correspond to when we encrypt it. To “decrypt” the message, the receiver of the message would need to know the key, so that they can reverse the process: translating the encrypt text (generally called ciphertext) back into the original message (generally called plaintext). A key, for example, might be the string NQXPOMAFTRHLZGECYJIUWSKDVB. This 26-character key means that A (the first letter of the alphabet) should be converted into N (the first character of the key), B (the second letter of the alphabet) should be converted into Q (the second character of the key), and so forth. A message like HELLO, then, would be encrypted as FOLLE, replacing each of the letters according to the mapping determined by the key. Let’s write a program called hw6.py…Question: Using the simplified RC4 Algorithm of 8 bytes (rather than the full 256 bytes), find the final Keystream and Cipherpext of the following Input string: S-Array of length 8, [S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7] = [7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0] Key, K = [3 1 4 1 5] Plaintext, PT = [6 1 5 4] Hint: For the simplified stream generation, you can use this pseudocode (only up to the PT length): /* Initialization */ set i and j = 0 for i = i + 1 to length of PT j = j + S[i] mod 8 swap S[i], S[j] t = S[i] + S[j] mod 8 Keystream = S[t] end forAssume that you have a suitable source of randomness which can produce at least 264264 random bits before it repeats. What is the easiest way to turn this into a stream cipher suitable for encrypting long streams of plaintext?
- Using the encryption and decryption methods, write a program called SDESMitm.java or sdesmitm.py that will carry out a meet-in-the-middle attack on 2SDES. This system encrypts a plaintext first with one key and then again with a different key. Please review the attack in the notes and the textbook. Recall that this is a known-plaintext attack. I will provide plaintext/ciphertext pairs. Based on those, you should be able to recover the two 9-bit keys. Write the program so that it can be run from the command line taking four parameters: plaintext 1 integer ciphertext 1 integer plaintext 2 integer ciphertext 2 integer Two pairs are needed because the first plaintext/ciphertext pair will let you create a short list of key pairs and the second plaintext/ciphertext pair will allow you to narrow that list down to one key pair. When run, the program should print the two keys. You can test your program on the plaintext/ciphertext pairs 0/247; 4095/2808. In my implemenation, the firat…In the AES Project, you should change the secret key of the AES by a dynamic key generated by RC4 after every 1024 bits, remember you should encrypt an image of 512*512*3 bytes, moreover, the used mode of operation should be CBC mode, Finally, use the attached figure to find the Number of cycles per byte and the encryption throughput?Let E'(T,X) be a tweakable block cipher that has already been keyed. Given plaintext P = P1 || P2 || ... || Pn (ie, P is an n-block plaintext). Ci = E'(i, Pi) for i=1..nsum = P1 xor P2 xor ... xor Pntag = E'(0,sum) For simplicity let's say that E'(T,X) = ROTL(X,T+1) (ie, X rotated left T+1 bits. If the block cipher block size is 8 bits and you are encrypting the two byte plaintext 67 89, what ciphertext and tag would be created? Fill in each box as a two-digit hex value. C1____? C2____? tag____?
- Consider the affine cipher f(p) = 3p+4 (mod 26), where p is the plaintext representation of the character under consideration. For example the plaintext of the letter A is 0, B is 1, C is 2, ... Z is 25. Use this cipher to encrypt the letters I, N, G, R (changing the numbers back to letters at the end.Affine Cipher is an example of a Monoalphabetic substitution cipher. The encryption process is substantially mathematical done by using the following formula: C = (P ∗ ?1 + ?2) mod 26. Where k1, k2 are two integers representing the key (selected randomly), C is the ciphertext value, and P is the plaintext value. Where C and P integers with values between 0 and 25. Write an Octave programme to implement this system, run your programme using the Plaintext: “the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog”. Show the obtained ciphertext with the selected values of the keys k1 & k2. Given that the plaintext “s” mapped to ciphertext “W”, plaintext “x” mapped to ciphertext “Z” when encrypted with Affine Cipher. Determine, mathematically, the values for the two keys K1 and K2.1. Encrypt the message “Take your bag with clothes” using the Hill cipher with the key !3 23 5 <-it is matrixShow your calculations and the result. 2.This problem explores the use of a one-time pad version of the Vigenere cipher. In thisscheme, the key is a stream of random numbers between 0 and 26. For example, if the key is 189 3…, then the first letter of plaintext is encrypted with a shift of 18 letters, the second with ashift of 9 letters, the third with a shift of 3 letters, and so on.Encrypt the plaintext “cryptography” with the key stream10 22 5 4 1 0 2 9 18 16 16 0 3.Does the set of residue classes (mod3) form a group with respect to modular addition?4. Determine -11 mod 95. Determine gcd(65042, 40902)6.Using the extended Euclidean algorithm, find the multiplicative inverse of 1279 mod 9721 Please write the correct answer. Thank you!
- Q3) Given the design of Feistel cipher of DES encryption, assume that the function simply ORs Right blockwith the key. Show the result of encryption if the original plain text is first two characters of your first nameand the key is (D4)16.Suppose that the encryption function mod 26, and , encrypt the letter “F” by “A”. Use the function to decrypt the message “ZSVXO”Problem #1Given below is a well-known cryptosystem called affine Caesar cipher, as well as someciphertext generated using the affine Caesar cipher.P = C = Z 26 = {0, 1, 2, ..., 25};K = {(a, b) Z26 Z26 | gcd(a, 26) = 1}y = E([a,b], x) = (ax + b) mod 26,x = D([a,b], y) = a-1 (y – b) mod 26,where x P, y C. Ciphertext sample:VPWOMFUWOFMYMHUNWBBWGCRVVPSFVPUTHUJWMCOMFUOVSVWOVWGSRSFSREOWOQMHKOBMHVPWOUFGHETVWMFOEOVUYVMMZCVGSFEMCCOUEMCHKFMQRUNIUMBRWFUSHSRIUZHSVMBWFNVPUOUGHUVKUEVMMVPUFEMCQWRRPSJUVHCREGHSGKUNVPUOEOVUY For this problem, please do the following:(a) provide an analysis detailing its strength/weakness;(b) attempt to uncover the plaintext associated with the ciphertext;(c) attempt to determine the secret key (a, b) used.