Given the data for two alternatives, choose the better alternative using the B/C ratio analysis. MARR = 8% Alternative Y First cost $100,000 $140,000 Operating costs/year 50,000 60,000 Benefits /year 100,000 120,000 Dis-benefits/year 30,000 25,000 Life in years 5 10 O Alt. X Alt. Y
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Given the data for two alternatives, choose the better alternative using the B/C ratio analysis. MARR = 8%
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- Which statement is not true with respect to estimating the economic impacts of proposed engineering projects? (a) Order-of-magnitude estimates are used for high-level planning. (b) Order-of-magnitude estimates are the most accurate type at about –3 to 5%. (c) Increasing the accuracy of estimates requires added time and resources. (d) Estimators tend to underestimate the magnitude of costs and to overestimate benefits.build a modelAn industrial park is being planned for a tract of land near a river. To prevent flood damage to the industrial buildings that will be built on this low-lying land, an earthen embankment can be constructed. The height of the embankment will be determined by an economic analysis of the costs and benefits.The following data have been gathered (Tables 1 and 2). The embankment is expected to last 40 years and will require no maintenance.Whenever the flood water flows over the embarkment, a $310,000 in annual damages occur. The corporation uses an interest rate of 15% a) if they build the embarkment, what height should it have? Table 1 Table 2 Embankment Height Above Roadway (m) Initial Cost ($) Embankment Height Above Roadway (m) Avg Frequency That Flood Level Will Exceed heigh of embarkment 2.0 $ 100,000.00 2.0 Once in 3 years 2.5 $ 165,000.00 2.5 Once in 8 years 3.0 $ 300,000.00 3.0 Once in 25 years 3.5…A city government is considering two types of town-clump sanitary systems. Design A requires an initial outlay of $400.000 with annual operating and maintenance costs of $50.000 for the next 15 years: design B calls for an investment of $300.000 with annual operating and maintenance coSIS of $80,000 per year for the next 15 years. Fee collections from the residents would be $85.000 per year. The interest rate is 8%. and no salvage value is associated with either system.(a) By the benefit-cost ratio (BC(i)), which system should be selected?(b) If a new design (design C). which requires an initial outlay of $350,000 and annual operating and maintenance costs of $65,000, is proposed, would your answer to (a) change?
- A manager wants to compare between two alternatives by the B/C method; if the overall B/C ratio for both alternatives is calculated to be exactly 1.0, which alternative should the manager select? Select one: a. do nothing alternative b. Select both alternatives c. Select the alternative that has the higher cost d. Select the alternative based on the probability to occurWhen comparing different-life alternatives by the B/C method, the alternatives should be compared over:The following estimates (in $1000 units) have been developed for a security system upgrade at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport. (a) Calculate the conventional B/C ratio at a discount rate of 10% per year. Is the project justified? (b) Determine the minimum first cost that is possible to render the project just economically unjustified. Item Cash Flow First cost, $ 13,000 AW of benefits, $ per year 3,800 FW of disbenefits, year 20, $ 6,750 M&O costs, $ per year 400 Life, years 20
- A municipal landfill and incineration facility is planned. (a) Name at least three benefits, three disbenefits, and three costs. What stakeholder viewpoints will need to be considered? (b) Burning landfill materials produces environmental and health issues. List the primary issues in each case.A public-private partnership has been formed between a city, county, and construction/management company to attract a professional athletic team to the area. Assume you are the engineer with the company and are assisting with the benefit/cost analysis. The primary options are to construct a domed arena (DA) or a conventional stadium (CS), one of which will definitely be built. The DA option will cost $200 million to construct, have a useful life of 50 years, and require M&O costs of $360,000 the first year, increasing by $10,000 per year thereafter. In 25 years, a remodeling expenditure of $4,800,000 is predicted. The CS option will cost only $50 million to construct, have a useful life of 50 years, and require M&O costs of $175,000 the first year, increasing by $8000 per year. Periodic costs for repainting and resurfacing for the stadium are estimated at $100,000 every 10 years, except in year 50. Revenue from DA is expected to be greater than that from CS by $10,900,000 the…The California Forest Service is considering two locations for a new state park. Location Ewould require an investment of $3 million and $50,000 per year in maintenance. Location Wwould cost $7 million to construct, but the Forest Service would receive an additional $25,000per year in park use fees. The operating cost of location W will be $65,000 per year. The revenueto park concessionaires will be $500,000 per year at location E and $700,000 per year at locationW. The disbenefits associated with each location are $30,000 per year for location E and $40,000per year for location W. Use(a) The B/C method, and(b) The modified B/C method to determine which location, if either, should be selected, using aninterest rate of 12% per year. Assume that the park will be maintained indefinitely.
- Locations under consideration for a border patrol station have their costs estimated by the federal government. Use the B/C ratio method at an interest rate of 6% per year to determine which location to select, if any. Location North, N South, S Initial cost, $ 1.1 × 106 2.9 × 106 Annual cost, $ per year 480,000 390,000 Disbenefits, $ per year 70,000 40,000 Life, years ∞ ∞For each of the following problems, (a) draw the cash flow diagram (as needed); (b) present clean and clear manual solutions to the problem; (c) highlight the final answer (only the final answer as required by the problem) by enclosing it within a box. A professional photographer who specializes in wedding-related activities paid $50,000 for equipment that will have a $2000 salvage value after 5 years. He estimates that his costs associated with each even amount to $80 per day. If he charges $300 per day for his services, how many days per year must he be employed in order to breakeven at an interest rate of 8% per year? NO EXCELAn alternative has the following cash flows: benefits = $50,000 per year; disbenefits = $27,000 per year; costs = $25,000 per year. The B/C ratio is closest to: (a) 0.92 (b) 0.96 (c) 1.04 (d) 2.00