Given the following water transfer rates (in g H20 per 100 calories), what would be the water balance for a kangaroo rat? Ingestion 0.1; Metabolism 13.4; Secretion 4; Evaporation 11 O 15 O 1.5 O 15
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- Using the data below, draw 4 pie charts for water gain and water loss in a kangaroo rat and a human.Based on the physical laws of evaporation, explain why the highbody temperatures of mammals and birds make them prone tohaving higher rates of evaporative water loss than poikilothermicterrestrial vertebrates with lower body temperatures.A sheep consumes 2 kg DM of feed containing 75 g N/kg. The sheep excretes 60 g N in the faeces and 20 g N in the urine, what is the N-balance? Comment on the answer relating it to the domestic farm animal.
- Compare and contrast ion and water balance in animals that use protonephridia, metanephridia, and kidneys. Which of the 6 functions of a vertebrate kidney are accomplished by each, and how do they achieve these functions?Which one of the following is extremely important for water conservation in mammals? juxtamedullary nephrons podocytes Bowman's capsule urethra ureterOutline the sources of input and output in a daily salt balance and add H2O balance in a typical mammal. Which are subject to control to maintain the body’s fluid balance?
- Describe the interactions between the following water parameters:• Ammonia• Nitrite• Nitrate• Salinity• pH• Temperature,and explain the differences in the processes of osmoregulation between a freshwater fish and a marine fish.In general terms, explain the role in insects of the malpighian tubules and rectum in conserving water, ions, and amino acids and removing nitrogen waste.The bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephrons
- How do the kidneys maintain blood pH? Group of answer choices by releasing buffers by excreting H+ ions by changing breathing rate by excreting glucose Which of the following signals the central nervous system to initiate urination? Group of answer choices Stretch sensors in the urinary bladder send out signals when it reaches a certain fullness The excretory centre rhythmically signals the urinary bladder to contract Stretch sensors in the kidneys send out signals when it reaches a certain fullness Increased production of aldosterone signals the urinary bladder to contractWhich routes of water gain and loss make up a much largershare of the total in a kangaroo rat than in a human?Marine and freshwater organisms use complementary mechanisms for water and salt regulation. Explain what are these complementary in marine bony fish and freshwater fish