Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05. Hypothesis: H0: μd=0Ha: μd≠0 Using output

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Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05.

Hypothesis:

H0: μd=0Ha: μd≠0

Using output 

Test statistics :

t=0.134P value=0.897

Degrees of freedom (df):

df=7

Level of significance:

α=0.05

 Decision:

P value > 0.05 thus we fails to reject null hypothesis.

Question

a)Write a report summarizing your findings. When writing the
report consider that medical staff estimate that a difference of 4.5 microns or more could impact on their ability to interpret eye pressure correctly.

b) Define for the hypothesis stated in part b) what a type 1 error and type 2 error would mean. Is it possible that we could have committed a type 2 error in conducting the test in part b)?  

9: Corneal_Diff
Visible: 2 of 2 Variables
Patient
Corneal_Diff
var
var
var
var
1
1
-4.00
2
.00
12.00
4
4
18.00
-4.00
6
6
-12.00
7
7
6.00
8.
8
16.00
9.
10
11
12
13
14
15
Data View Variable View
Case... IBM SPSS Statistics Processor is ready
Unicode:ON Classic
Transcribed Image Text:9: Corneal_Diff Visible: 2 of 2 Variables Patient Corneal_Diff var var var var 1 1 -4.00 2 .00 12.00 4 4 18.00 -4.00 6 6 -12.00 7 7 6.00 8. 8 16.00 9. 10 11 12 13 14 15 Data View Variable View Case... IBM SPSS Statistics Processor is ready Unicode:ON Classic
tatistics Viewer
sform
Įnsert
Format
Analyze
Graphs
Utilities
Extensions
Window Help
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
Patient
4.50
2.449
.866
Corneal thickness
4.0000
8
10.74377
3.79850
difference (normal-
glaucoma) microns
Paired Samples Correlations
Significance
Correlation One-Sided p Two-Sided p
N
Pair 1
Patient & Corneal
.206
.312
.624
thickness difference
(normal-glaucoma)
microns
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
Significance
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Mean
Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Lower
Upper
df
One-Sided p
Two-Sided p
Pair 1
Patient - Corneal thickness
.50000
10.51529
3.71772
-8.29101
9.29101
134
7
448
.897
difference (normal-
glaucoma) microns
Paired Samples Effect Sizes
95% Confidence Interval
Standardizera Point Estimate
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Patient - Corneal thickness
Cohen's d
7.792
064
-.632
756
difference (normal-
glaucoma) microns
Hedges' correction
8.773
.057
-.561
.671
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the square root of the average variane
Hedges' correction uses the square root of the average variance of measures, plus a correction factor.
of meas
res.
Transcribed Image Text:tatistics Viewer sform Įnsert Format Analyze Graphs Utilities Extensions Window Help Paired Samples Statistics Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 Patient 4.50 2.449 .866 Corneal thickness 4.0000 8 10.74377 3.79850 difference (normal- glaucoma) microns Paired Samples Correlations Significance Correlation One-Sided p Two-Sided p N Pair 1 Patient & Corneal .206 .312 .624 thickness difference (normal-glaucoma) microns Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Significance 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper df One-Sided p Two-Sided p Pair 1 Patient - Corneal thickness .50000 10.51529 3.71772 -8.29101 9.29101 134 7 448 .897 difference (normal- glaucoma) microns Paired Samples Effect Sizes 95% Confidence Interval Standardizera Point Estimate Lower Upper Pair 1 Patient - Corneal thickness Cohen's d 7.792 064 -.632 756 difference (normal- glaucoma) microns Hedges' correction 8.773 .057 -.561 .671 a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes. Cohen's d uses the square root of the average variane Hedges' correction uses the square root of the average variance of measures, plus a correction factor. of meas res.
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