The amino acid glutamine is the precursor that provides the nitrogen atoms in biosynthetic reactions of manycompounds, including other amino acids, nucleic acids, and amino sugars. It is formed by a condensation reaction ofammonia with the alcohol moiety in the carboxylate group on the side chain of the amino acid glutamate, as follows:glutamate + NH3 - glutamine + H20, with AGn+14 kJ/molrxn1. Show how to determine the equilibrium constant, Keg, from the information provided. Without doing a calculation,decide whether the products or the reactants are going to be favored when the reaction mixture reachesequilibrium. Explain your reasoning.2. If ammonia is added to the reaction mixture present at equilibrium, how would the reaction quotient, Q, change?What does this change in Q indicate? Explain.

Glutamine is formed when the acidic amino acid glutamate reacts with ammonia (NH3). The reaction is…

glutamate + NH3 → glutamine + H2O, with AGxn = +14 kJ/mol 1. Show how to determine the equilibrium constant, Keq, from the information provided. Without doing a calculation, decide whether the products or the reactants are going to be favored when the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium. Explain your reasoning. 2. If ammonia is added to the reaction mixture present at equilibrium, how would the reaction quotient, Q, change? What does this change in Q indicate? Explain.

glutamate + NH3 → glutamine + H2O, with AGxn = +14 kJ/mol 1. Show how to determine the equilibrium constant, Keq, from the information provided. Without doing a calculation, decide whether the products or the reactants are going to be favored when the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium. Explain your reasoning. 2. If ammonia is added to the reaction mixture present at equilibrium, how would the reaction quotient, Q, change? What does this change in Q indicate? Explain.

Organic Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305080485

Author:John E. McMurry

Publisher:John E. McMurry

Chapter24: Amines And Heterocycles

Section24.SE: Something Extra

Problem 38MP

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Isoerythrogenic acid, C18H26O2, is a acetylic fatty acid that turns vivid vle on exposure to UV light. On Catalytic hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, five molar equivalents of hydrogen are absorbed, and stearic acid
Trehalose, C12H22O11, is a nonreducing sugar that is only 45% as sweet as sugar. When hydrolyzed by aqueous acid or the enzyme maltase, it forms only d-glucose. When it is treated with excess methyl iodide in the presence of Ag2O and then hydrolyzed with water under acidic conditions, only 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-glucose is formed. Draw the structure of trehalose
d-Glucuronic acid is found widely in plants and animals. One of its functions is to detoxify poisonous HO-containing compoundsby reacting with them in the liver to form glucuronides. Glucuronides are water soluble and therefore readily excreted. Afteringestion of a poison such as turpentine or phenol, the glucuronides of these compounds are found in the urine. Draw thestructure of the a- and b-glucuronides formed by the reaction of b-d-glucuronic acid and phenol.
When some sugars dissolve in water they spontaneously undergo changes in optical rotation called mutarrotation. The Mutarrotation of D-glucopyranose is catalyzed by acid and bases. 2-Hydroxypyridine is a more effective catalyst than phenol and pyridine for this reaction because: a.Both oxygen and N in 2-hydroxypyridine act as bases increasing the rapid interconversion of sugar b. The OH of 2-hydroxypyridine serves as the base while the current N as the acid. c. 2-hydroxypyridine acts both as a base to remove the proton from the hydroxyl group in the hemiacetal and as an acid to provide a proton to the oxygen in the hemiacetal. d.Phenol and pyridine are very expensive.
Aspartame (structure shown below) is an artificial sweetener marketed under Equal and Nutrasweet. In the body, aspartame is hydrolyzed (under acidic condition) to produce methanol, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Predict the structures of aspartic acid and phenylalanine by proposing a( step-by-step arrow pushing mechanism.
As far back as the 16th century, South American Incas chewed the leaves of the coca bush, Erythroxylon coca, to combat fatigue. Chemical studies of Erythroxylon coca by Friedrich WĂ¶hler in 1862 resulted in the discovery of cocaine, C17H21NO4, as the active component. Basic hydrolysis of cocaine leads to methanol, benzoic acid, and another compound called ecgonine, C9H15NO3. Oxidation of ecgonine with CrO3 yields a keto acid that readily loses CO2 on heating, giving tropinone. (a) What is a likely structure for the keto acid? (b) What is a likely structure for ecgonine, neglecting stereochemistry? (c) What is a likely structure for cocaine, neglecting stereochemistry?
Linolenic acid and stearidonic acid are omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids that contain the first double bond located at C3, when numbering begins at the methyl end of the chain. Predict how the melting point of stearidonic acid compares with the melting points of linolenic and stearic acids. A current avenue of research is examining the use of soybean oil enriched in stearidonic acid as a healthier alternative to vegetable oils that contain fewer degrees of unsaturation.
tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide was developed as a reagent for peptide synthesis at OWL's home institution, the University of Massachusetts, by Prof. L.A. Carpino. It is prepared by treating tert-butoxycarbonyl chloride with sodium azide. Propose a structure for the initially-formed intermediate in this reaction.
The compound acetophenone has a very similar molar mass to that of benzoic acid and benzamide. However, acetophenone has a much lower m.p. (20 °C) than both such that, by contrast, it is a liquid at room temperature. By considering intermolecular forces and comparing functional group structure, account for this big difference in physical properties.
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide that serves as a mild reducing agent to detoxify peroxides and maintain the cysteineresidues of hemoglobin and other red blood cell proteins in the reduced state. Complete hydrolysis of glutathione givesGly, Glu, and Cys. Treatment of glutathione with carboxypeptidase gives glycine as the first free amino acid released.Treatment of glutathione with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (Sanger reagent, Problem 24-21, page 1246), followed bycomplete hydrolysis, gives the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative of glutamic acid. Treatment of glutathione with phenylisothiocyanate does not give a recognizable phenylthiohydantoin, however.(a) Propose a structure for glutathione consistent with this information. Why would glutathione fail to give a normalproduct from Edman degradation, even though it gives a normal product from the Sanger reagent followed byhydrolysis?(b) Oxidation of glutathione forms glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Propose a structure for glutathione disulfide, and…
The anticoagulant heparin is a polysaccharide that contains alternating residues of -D- glucuronic acid-6- sulfate and N-sulfo-D-glucosamine-6sulfate connected by (1 B 4)- glycosidic linkages. Draw a part of heparin that shows one each of the two residues.
Synthesize attached compound from benzonitrile (C6H5CN) as the onlyorganic starting material; that is, every carbon in the product mustoriginate in benzonitrile