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- Briefly describe the role that phosphofructokinase plays in cellular respiration. Describe the impact a lack of phosphofructokinase would have on cellular respiration and one sign and/or symptom that may be present in someone who suffers from this disorder.A)Carrier of the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for incorporation into the growing peptide chain. B)Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction. C)The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Please identify the terms.The control of aerobic respiration by ADP is referred to as_______________________.
- a) Describe the 10 enzymatic reactions of glycolysis and the organization of the pathway in 2 main phases.Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. 1. Glucose C2 & C5 2. Glucose C1 & C6 3. Glucose C2 only 4. Pyruvate C1 5. Lactate C2 for export 6.CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel 7. Label is halved over many TCA cycles 8. Oxaloacetate 9. MalateWhich of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3PG b) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG c) Conversion of PEP to pyruvate d) Conversion of 2,3-BPG to 2PG e) Phosphorylation of glucose
- In a Lineweaver-Burk graph, the lines representing the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme catalyzed reaction meet each other on the x-axis. The type of inhibition which is occurring is: a) competitive b) noncompetitive c) uncompetitive d) allosteric CO2 exerts direct activity upon hemoglobin by: a) blocking oxygen from binding to the heme group b) displacing BPG from the central cavity c) oxidizing Fe+2 to Fe+3 which does not bind oxygen d) forming an N-terminal carbamate which favors the T-state The dominant motif found in hemoglobin and myoglobin is: a) helix-turn-helix b) twisted beta sheet c) beta barrel d) random coil Which of these is an ketohexose? a) fructose b) glucose c) ribose d) erythrose Which of these is a constitutional isomer of d-glucose? a) fructose b) galactose c) l-glucose d) ribose Which of these is an enantiomer of d-glucose? a) d-fructose b) d- galactose c) l-glucose d) d-ribose Which of these is a diastereomer of…Explain why a combination of lipo-oxygenase and iron greatly increases the instability of oils or oil containing foods.Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol regulation is true? (A) SREBP localizes to the ER when cellular cholesterol levels are low.(B) HMG CoA reductase degradation is inhibited when exogenous cholesterol is plentiful.(C) Binding of cholesterol to SREBP causes SREBP to move to the nucleus.(D) Low cellular energy triggers phosphorylation and inhibition of HMG CoA reductase.(E) SREBP binds to a sterol regulatory element in the HMG-CoA reductase gene promoter to decrease gene expression.
- Patient who had undergone a complex maxillofacial operation could not takefood during 2 days, but glucose level in the patient's blood during that period wason the lower limit of normal. What mechanisms facilitate the maintenance ofnormal level of glucose in prolonged starvation? To answer this question:a) indicate normal fasting blood glucose level;b) draw the metabolic pathway ensuring glucose synthesis in patient's body duringa period of starvation, mark the enzymes and coenzymes;c) list the substrates of this process and its localization.b) How does oxygen availability determine the fate of the glycolysis pathway?a) What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? b) What pathway do they have in common? c) How do the byproducts of fermentation differ among organisms such as yeast, bacteria and animals?