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- A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.CASE SCENARIO ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: J.B., female 36 years old, single, a bus conductor was apparently well, until 4 days prior to admission, when she experienced dizziness and headache while at work. Once parked at the terminal, she asked to be checked in the clinic and BP was recorded at 180/100 mmHg, which was unusual since she usually had a BP of 90/60 mmHg. Clonidine 75 mcg was placed sublingual, which reduced her BP to 150/90 mmHg. She was then advised by the company nurse to go home. 2 days PTA, a co employee noticed that her eyes were puffy and even kidded if she broke off with her boyfriend. She just shrugged off the comment and did her usual chores. Few hours PTA, while preparing for work, she noticed blood in the toilet bowl after urinating, which prompted her to seek consult and eventually admission. Her history is essentially negative for past kidney or urinary problems. She admitted that her eyes seemed a little puffy, but she thought this was due to lack of sleep and…CASE SCENARIO ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: J.B., female 36 years old, single, a bus conductor was apparently well, until 4 days prior to admission, when she experienced dizziness and headache while at work. Once parked at the terminal, she asked to be checked in the clinic and BP was recorded at 180/100 mmHg, which was unusual since she usually had a BP of 90/60 mmHg. Clonidine 75 mcg was placed sublingual, which reduced her BP to 150/90 mmHg. She was then advised by the company nurse to go home. 2 days PTA, a co employee noticed that her eyes were puffy and even kidded if she broke off with her boyfriend. She just shrugged off the comment and did her usual chores. Few hours PTA, while preparing for work, she noticed blood in the toilet bowl after urinating, which prompted her to seek consult and eventually admission. Her history is essentially negative for past kidney or urinary problems. She admitted that her eyes seemed a little puffy, but she thought this was due to lack of sleep and…
- CASE SCENARIO ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: J.B., female 36 years old, single, a bus conductor was apparently well, until 4 days prior to admission, when she experienced dizziness and headache while at work. Once parked at the terminal, she asked to be checked in the clinic and BP was recorded at 180/100 mmHg, which was unusual since she usually had a BP of 90/60 mmHg. Clonidine 75 mcg was placed sublingual, which reduced her BP to 150/90 mmHg. She was then advised by the company nurse to go home. 2 days PTA, a co employee noticed that her eyes were puffy and even kidded if she broke off with her boyfriend. She just shrugged off the comment and did her usual chores. Few hours PTA, while preparing for work, she noticed blood in the toilet bowl after urinating, which prompted her to seek consult and eventually admission. Her history is essentially negative for past kidney or urinary problems. She admitted that her eyes seemed a little puffy, but she thought this was due to lack of sleep and…B.A. has received a total of 3.5 L of normal saline solution in boluses during the past 6 hours and remains hemodynamically unchanged. His urine output has averaged 25 mL/hour for the past 4 hours, indicating volume replacement is inadequate. Given his age and the lack of response to initial crystalloid administration, the decision is made to infuse a colloid solution. How does hetastarch compare with human serum albumin as a volume expander for B.A., and which agent should be used?Describe how very slow, shallow respirations arelikely to affect:a. PCO2b. serum pH
- 30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration rateAn 80-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, anemia, possible diabetes, and chronic renal failure. Her blood workup shows a BUN level of 58 mg/dL and a plasma creatinine of 6.2 mg/dL. What is the most probable cause of the patient’s elevated urea nitrogen?Urinalyses results show chronically high levels of red-blood cell (RBC) castswhich is always a pathological sign of kidney damage. Which part of the kidney is most likely damaged?
- 1. Mention at least 5 proteins, besides albumin, that are present in the urine under pathological conditions. 2. Differentiate pre-renal, renal and post-renal proteinuria and give one example of each. 3. Explain why glucose test that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule may appear in the urine, and state the renal threshold levels for glucose.Illustrate the process of bilirubin formation starting from red blood cell destruction. (Indicate where Unconjugated bilirubin and Conjugated bilirubin is formed. Draw a line separating pre-renal, renal and post-renal.)1- explain why an increase in plasma viscosity will increase the ESR. 2- explain why spherocytes and sickle cells will decrease the ESR.
