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T or R
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low or high oxygen affinity
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planar or domed
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oxygenated or deoxygenated
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perpendicular or not perperndicular
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wide or narrow
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- Use the following information to answer the following questions."The native structure of hemoglobin (HB) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is most consistent with the information in the passage? Group of answer choices A. a tertiary protein with two polypeptides B. a quaternary protein with two polypeptides C. a tertiary protein with four polypeptides D. a quaternary protein with four polypeptides When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid, ________. Group of answer choices A. a…From the figure of O2 binding to myoglobin and hemoglobin (ignore the linemarked as T) as described in lecture (shown below) answer the following questions. a) Estimate the P50 for myoglobin from the plot. Show how this estimation isdetermined from the binding curve above. ( The first ghraph) b)Using YO2 = PO2/P50 + PO2 , calculate the fraction of O2 bound for myoglobin at 1 torr. (2nd graph) c)Using the binding curve on the previous page, show how you can estimate whatfraction of hemoglobin is bound near tissues at a pO2 of 30 torr and provide this value. If the pH were lowered, will the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin at 30 torr increaseor decrease? Explain why this is so based on how this changes hemoglobin structure. If 2,3-BPG were added to the solution, will the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin at30 torr increase or decrease? Explain why this is so based on how this changes hemoglobinstructure.Compared to adult Hb (HbA), fetal Hb (HbF) has one less histidine in the central cavity where BPG binds. What is the consequence of this difference in the P50 value? a The P50 value of HbF approaches zero torr at high O2 partial pressures. b The P50 value of HbF approaches 100 torr at high O2 partial pressures. c HbA has a smaller P50 value compared to HbF d HbF and HbA have the same P50 value. e HbF has a smaller P50 value compared to HbA
- Compare and contrast the c4 pathway and the malate–aspartate shuttle in bullet format, meaning list the similarities and differences.A person was found to have very low levels of functional beta globin mRNA and therefore very low levels of the beta globin protein. What problems would this cause for assembling functional haemoglobin molecules?List 4 different activated carrier molecules, for each one, list both the oxided and reduced forms and clearly indicated which form is which
- Sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS) differs from normal human adult hemoglobin (HbA) by a single mutational change, Glu6 S Val, which causes the HbS molecules to aggregate under proper conditions. Under certain conditions, the HbS filaments that form at body temperature disaggregate when the temperature is lowered to 0°C. Explain.To study the chemical properties of the blood hemoglobin of a vertebrate, it might seem convenient to remove the hemoglobin from the red blood cells so that hemoglobin is in simple aqueous solution. However, removing the hemoglobin from red blood cells often promptly alters its O2-binding characteristics. Explain why?30. The cooperative binding behavior of hemoglobin for oxygen is best explained by... Group of answer choices The movement of the proximal histidine upon O2 binding causes a structural change at the binding interface between subunits The oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and formation of the superoxide ion causes distortion of the protoporphyrin ring, altering binding interface between subunits The tetrameric nature of hemoglobin's quaternary structure directly confers cooperative binding activity The movement of the distal histidine upon O2 binding causes a structural change at the binding interface between subunits The binding of O2 causes a pH shift that changes the protonation state of amino acids located at the interface between subunits The solubility of hemoglobin in aqueous solution and its insolubility in nonpolar environments
- A point mutation in Hb diminishes hydrophobicity at the heme. Which of the following impacts would you predict? . Increased oxidation of Fe2+ and loss of O2 binding b. Decreased negative charges needed at the dimer/dimer interface to stabilize the T-state c. Decreased positive charges needed at the dimer/dimer interface to stabilize the T-state d. Shift the O2 binding curve of Hb to the left e. Decreased affinity for BPG in the T-stateWhat is the role of 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in the function of haemoglobin as an oxygen carrier molecule? Explain the binding mechanism and effect of 2,3-BPG leading to the reduced oxygen binding affinity for haemoglobin and transitions in the T (deoxygenated) and R (oxygenated) states of haemoglobin.he doctor also mentioned a new treatment for Sickle Cell Disease to JJ called Voxelotor (Oxbryta). Voxelotor binds to the a-globin chain and alters the structure of HbS stabilizing it in the R-state (relaxed state). Q7: In the presence of Voxelotor would you expect the affinity of HbS for O2 to increase or decrease? Q8: How would you classify the mechanism of action for Voxelotor? Q9: Voxelotor's structure is shown below. What would you expect the overall charge of the molecule to be in the blood (pH = 7.4) Pyridinium pKa = 2.6 Phenol pKa = 8.3