HLTH 501 2. As part of a study, investigators wanted to assess the accuracy of self-reported smoking status. Participants are asked whether they currently smoke or not. In addition, laboratory tests are performed on hair samples to determine presence or absence of nicotine. The laboratory assessment is considered the gold standard, or truth about nicotine. The data are as follows: Nicotine Present ho Self-Reported Non-Smoker Self-Reported Smoker Nicotine Absent 82 12 14 52 A. What is the sensitivity ofself-reported smoking status S 83.8% ~ B. What is the specificity of self-reported smoking status? Sceoan ne 3. A recent study reported that the nrevalence of hynerlinidemia (defined as total chole

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Logic and Proofs

Discrete mathematics deals with the separated values of data such as integers. It is widely used in the practical field of computer science and mathematics. By knowing discrete mathematics one can improve their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. Discrete mathematics became popular after the boom of computers which operate in discrete steps and store data in discrete bits. It also useful in studying computer programming, algorithms, and cryptography.