Hospital Śurgical site Pneumonia Bloodstream Total infections infections infections A 41 27 51 119 B 36 40 79 C 169 106 109 384 retel 12611 200
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- Population Genetics In the study of population genetics, an important measure of inbreeding is the proportion of homozygous genotypesthat is, instances in which the two alleles carried at a particular site on an individuals chromosomes are both the same. For population in which blood-related individual mate, them is a higher than expected frequency of homozygous individuals. Examples of such populations include endangered or rare species, selectively bred breeds, and isolated populations. in general. the frequency of homozygous children from mating of blood-related parents is greater than that for children from unrelated parents Measured over a large number of generations, the proportion of heterozygous genotypesthat is, nonhomozygous genotypeschanges by a constant factor 1 from generation to generation. The factor 1 is a number between 0 and 1. If 1=0.75, for example then the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 25 in each generation In this case, after 10 generations, the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 94.37, since 0.7510=0.0563, or 5.63. In other words, 94.37 of the population is homozygous. For specific types of matings, the proportion of heterozygous genotypes can be related to that of previous generations and is found from an equation. For mating between siblings 1 can be determined as the largest value of for which 2=12+14. This equation comes from carefully accounting for the genotypes for the present generation the 2 term in terms of those previous two generations represented by for the parents generation and by the constant term of the grandparents generation. a Find both solutions to the quadratic equation above and identify which is 1 use a horizontal span of 1 to 1 in this exercise and the following exercise. b After 5 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous? c After 20 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous?AVONEX and MS. An issue of Inside MS contained an article describing AVONEX (interferon beta-1a), a drug used in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Included in the article was a report on “. . . adverse events and selected laboratory abnormalities that occurred at an incidence of 2% or more among the 158 multiple sclerosis patients treated with 30 mcg of AVONEX once weekly by IM injection.” In the study, 158 patients took AVONEX and 143 patients were given placebo. a. Is this study observational or is it a designed experiment?b. Identify the treatment group, control group, and treatmentsplease help me out. show full working out for better understanding Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a recessively inherited genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the HFE gene. There are several possible mutations of different degrees of importance but the disease expresses itself only when at least 2 arepresent in any one individual. A blood analysis was performed on 3,000 blood samples from newborn babies of Caucasian descent in the state of Michigan, USA. The results showed that 163 of those sampled carried two mutations in the HFE gene. a. What is the proportion in the sample that carry the two mutations of the HFE gene? b. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of this population that carries two mutations in the HFE Check the data for the necessary conditions and show full working. c. Interpret your interval in context d. If the researcher wanted to halve (x ½) the margin of error in the confidence interval found, what sample size would be required…
- Trichotillomania is an illness characterized by the repeated urge to tear out hair, eyelashes, facial hair, nose hair, pubic hair, eyebrows, or other body hair, sometimes resulting in noticeable bald patches. A pharmaceutical company is trying to decide whether to market a drug to treat trichotillomania. The pharmacist who designed the drug believes it is very effective, especially when combined with therapy, whereas a researcher who did research on a sample of people suffering from the disorder is less convinced. Each of them created graphs to support his or her position. Determine whether the pharmacist or the researcher created each graph. (Hint: Decide whether the graph minimizes or maximizes the effect of the drug first. Then decide who would want to do that, and choose your response from the list of possible combinations.)Interpret this 2 way anova of fear conditioning in rats about pre-conditioning and post-conditioning freezing behavior in control and lesioned ratsRandom samples of resting heart rates are taken from two groups. Population 1 exercises regularly, and Population 2 does not. The data from these two samples is given below: Population 1: 67, 63, 70, 72, 71, 67, 68 Population 2: 76, 78, 79, 77, 78, 71, 69, 72 x¯1 = s1 = x¯2 = s2 = To help see if there is enough evidence to conclude that those who exercise regularly have lower resting heart rates, fill in the information requested. A. The value of the test statistic: B. The degree of freedom of the distribution: C. The approximate range of values for the p-value:< p-value <
- In August and September 2005 , Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of 350 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 50 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 176 residents who had not participated in the cleaning, 42 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who cleaned flood-damaged homes and those who did not participate in the cleaning? Let p1 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and p2 denote the proportion of…A professional body wishes to analyse the performance of its students on a particular two-part examination. It records the scores obtained by a sample of 12 students on the first part of the exam, and the scores obtained by the same students on the second part of the exam. The results are as follows: Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 First-partexamscorex(%) 82 49 73 60 61 77 65 85 91 53 59 73 Second-partexamscorey(%) 76 58 75 66 70 71 76 92 87 59 63 71 ?x=828, ?y=864, ?x2 =59,054, ?y2 =63,362, Perform an F-test to test the null hypothesis that there is no linear relationship (3) (2) (5) between x and y, based on the above table. (4) (e) Calculate the proportion of variation explained by the model and comment
