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- There are two important isotopes of uranium, U235 and U238 ; these isotopes are nearly identical chemically but have different atomic masses. Only U235 is very useful in nuclear reactors. Separating the isotopes is called uranium enrichment (and is often in the news as of this writing, because of concerns that some countries are enriching uranium with the goal of making nuclear weapons.) One of the techniques for enrichment, gas diffusion, is based on the different molecular speeds of uranium hexafluoride gas, UF6 . (a) The molar masses of U235 and U238F6 are 349.0 g/mol and 352.0 g/mol, respectively. What is the ratio of their typical speeds vrms ? (b) At what temperature would their typical speeds differ by 1.00 m/s? (c) Do your answers in this problem imply that this technique may be difficult?Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of table tennis balls would cover Earth. Each ball has a diameter of 3.75 cm. Assume the space between balls adds an extra 25.0% to their volume and assume they are not crushed by their own weight.An infrared heater for a sauna has a surface area of 0.050 m2 and an emissivity of 0.84. What temperature must it run at if the required power is 360 W? Neglect the temperature of the environment.
- Why are thermometers that ale used in weather stations shielded from the sunshine? What does a thermometer measure if it is shielded from the sunshine? What does it measure if it is not?Check Your Understanding Does a given reading on a gasoline gauge indicate more gasoline in cold weather or in hot weather, or does the not matter?A physicist makes a cup of instant coffee and notices that, as the coffee cools, its level drops 3.00 mm in the glass cup. Show that this decrease cannot be due to thermal contraction by calculating the decrease in level if the 350 cm3 of coffee is in a 7.00-cm-diameter cup and decreases in temperature from 95.0 to 45.0 . (Most of the drop in level is actually due to escaping bubbles of air.)
- Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps and electric heating.A man consumes 3000 kcal of food in one day, converting most of it to thermal energy to maintain body temperature. If he loses half this energy by evaporating water (through breathing and sweating), how many kilograms of water evaporate?On a winter day when the air temperature is 0 , the relative humidity is 50%. Outside air comes inside and is heated to a room temperature of 20 . What is the relative humidity of the air inside the room. (Does this problem show why inside air is so dry in winter?)
- Burning a gallon ofgasoline releases 1.19 * 108J of internal energy. If a certain carrequires 5.20 * 105J of work to drive one mile, (a) how muchheat is given off to the atmosphere each mile, assuming the cargets 25.0 miles to the gallon?How many celsius degrees are 300 K? Show computationPlease use the Q=(kA[Thot-Tcold]t)/L equation.
