Answered: How do neutral solutes move across the…

How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polarmolecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are thesetransported across the membrane?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7UC: Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane...

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polar
molecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are these
transported across the membrane?

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Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.
Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.
If the percent difference is a positive number, what does this tell us about the movement of water across the membrane?
What forces drive solutes from one side of the membrane to the other?• What solute properties dictate its permeability?– Why can some solutes passively diffuse through the plasma membrane, and some cannot?
How do neutral solutes moves across the plasma membrane?
Are symporters and antiporters always involved in active transport? Can't both solutes move in the same direction and be moving down their concentration gradient (and the same with antiporters)?
For each type of membrane transport, know the following:– Is a transporter protein required? If so, what type?– Is there an energy requirement, and if so, what is the energy source?– What is the relative rate of solute transport based on molecule type? On concentration gradient?– What are examples of the types of solutes transported by carriers and channels?
In general, what is the relationship between membrane fluidity and membrane permeability?
Similarly, what will be the effect on membrane potential if Cl- ions move into a cell?
How does the Na+–K+pump exchange sodium ions forpotassium ions across the plasma membrane? What aresome purposes served by this pump?
what happens to cells when the concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes across the cell membrane are changed?
What will happen to the cell volume and solute concentratuon if a cell that is normally in osmotic equilibrium was transferred to a more diluted concentration?