How do response elements work?
Q: What are adhesins and what are they typicallycomposed of?
A: The essential step in infection or bacterial pathogenesis is adherence that is required to colonize…
Q: How are cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses similar and different?
A: The immune response describes how our body recognizes and defends itself against the bacteria,…
Q: Differentiate between the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway,?
A: Coagulation or clotting of blood is the process that deals with the change in the texture of blood…
Q: Describe the purpose of gamma globulins.
A: Plasma is the straw-colored liquid present in the blood of the human. It mainly consists of water…
Q: Explain Events in Antibody-Mediated Immunity Against Bacteria?
A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…
Q: What is antibody-mediated immunity ?
A: Immunity is a complex biological system that is endowed with the ability to identify, recognize, and…
Q: If you were a medical researcher, what other areas of the blood-clotting pathway would you target…
A: A stroke may be a medical emergency during which the blood supply to any portion of the brain is…
Q: Describe what will enhance utilization of drugs that are administered orally, topically, and…
A: Any substance on consumption that causes changes in the physiology and psychology of the person is…
Q: What are antigens ?
A: Immunity can be defined as the complex biological system that is endowed with the capacity in order…
Q: What does major incretins include?
A: Answer- Incretins are the group of hormones that help in lowering the blood glucose levels.
Q: What are Protective Proteins ?
A: Amino acids can be defined as the organic compounds that will contain amino and carboxyl, functional…
Q: What are some of the roles of blood?
A: Blood is a specialized body fluid present in humans and vertebrates which is composed of cells and…
Q: What are T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity ?
A: Immunity is the ability of multicellular life forms to oppose destructive microorganisms. Immunity…
Q: What are Antibody-mediated responses?
A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…
Q: What Release histamine, promote inflammation?
A: The question is about the release of histamine and the reason for inflammation.
Q: What does cytokinins promote?
A: Introduction Cytokinins are the plant specific chemical substance (Phytohormones) which act as a…
Q: What is active immunity?
A: Everyday we are exposed to a large number of infectious agents however only few of these exposures…
Q: How does the electrical shock effect on the human body?
A: When nerves are suffering from an electrical shock, the results embrace pain, tingling, numbness,…
Q: what are essential drugs?
A: Health is considered as the fundamental human right and the most important social goal all over the…
Q: What is cytokines ?
A: White blood cells and other cells of the body secrete cytokines, which are low-molecular-weight…
Q: Why genetic differences account for resistance to certain diseases ?
A: Genetic resistance may be defined as the acquisition of genetic variation that leads to the…
Q: What are Cytokinins ?
A: Cytokinins: The groups of plant growth promoters are named cytokinins as they help in…
Q: Sodium channels in membrane can open in response to what?
A: Sodium channels are a type of voltage gated ion channel which open or close their pores in response…
Q: What is immunity?
A: The cells are the basic, structural, and functional units of life. Plants, algae, bacteria, animals,…
Q: What is calmodulin?
A: Introduction: Smooth muscle cells are tiny and spindle-shaped, with varying diameters. They have a…
Q: What are Nod factors and what do they do?
A: Many nitrogen-fixing bacteria have the ability to penetrate and reside inside the plant root cells.…
Q: What do T cells and B cells do?
A: An antibody is also called immunoglobulin. It is a large and Y-shaped protein used by the immune…
Q: What is important for entrainment?
A: Entrainment relates to the coupling of two distinct oscillatory systems so that its oscillations…
Q: What are the primary response regulator and the primary sensorkinase for regulating chemotaxis?
A: Chemotaxis refers to the movement of a motile organism in a particular direction in response to…
Q: T cells are often discussed in conjunction with the disease AIDS, in which a virus destroys these…
A: T Cells : T cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They…
Q: what is Cotransformation?
A: Transformation is the horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria can take up foreign genetic…
Q: What is an antigen?
A: Cells have certain molecules in their cytoplasm.
Q: How does DNOC act?
A: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is an organic compound that was used as a pesticide. It is extremely…
Q: What are cytokines? How do cytokines promote inflammation?
A: Introduction The process of inflammation is how your body's white blood cells and the substances…
Q: What makes a successful regeneration?
A: it is a natural ability of an organism by this, it is able to regrow damaged or lost part of the…
Q: How does sickle cell anemia work?
A: Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder of red blood cells. In this disorder,…
Q: What is Opsonin?
A: A group of organs that utilize an immune response to defend the body against external substances or…
Q: What do the antibodies in blood do?
A: Proteins are a type of macromolecule that has a different variety of functions for the cell. These…
Q: How does HPLC differ from ion-exchange chromatography?
A: Chromatography is a physical method for separation of compounds. It is based on a very simple…
Q: How do Chemical messengers participate in local responses?
A: Any compound that transmits a message is referred to as a chemical messenger, and includes: Hormone…
Q: What signs and symptoms are associated with inflammation?
A: There are some factors such as: Pathogens, Damaged cells, Irritants These are harmful stimuli and…
Q: What kinds of cells are associated with the antibodydirected immune response, and how do they work?
A: The immune system is a defensive system in a host consisting of widely distributed cells, tissues…
Q: List the components of the conductive system?
A: Most animals have a musculoskeletal heart that pumps blood through the circulatory system's blood…
Q: What type of WBCs are involved in a cell-mediated immune response? In an antibody-mediated immune…
A: Blood is mainly composed of plasma and blood cells or corpuscles. The blood corpuscles suspended in…
How do response elements work?
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