How does a short hairpin RNA( shRNA) against the U5 region of HIV-1 inhibit HIV-1 replication?

Q: What is the position and orientation of TAR important for HIV-1 transcription?

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - 1 proviral DNA transcription is done by Pol II of the host. It…

Q: How HIV could spread in the human body ?

A: Infection refers to the harm caused by various microorganisms or pathogens entering the body. The…

Q: Describe the structure of viruses/ how they replicate. Include how the genome of the virus could…

A: I am giving answer to the first question only. Please repost the remaining question separately.…

Q: What is HIV-protease ?

A: HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease , an enzyme involved with peptide bond…

Q: Some RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase enzymes make a lot of mistakes. Why would this work to the…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Which protein is most crucial for HIV entry into target cells Tat p24 Rev Integrase Envelop…

A: HIV has a structure of Retrovirus. Core of HIV has 2 identical molecule of ssRNAs, Enzymes (reverse…

Q: Which form of HIV RNA, fully spliced, incompletely spiced, or unspliced, is needed during the early…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a positive strand enveloped RNA virus, belongs to…

Q: HIV is what type of virus? Do not write an immunodeficiency virus.  What class of virus is HIV?

A: A virus may be a tiny parasite that can't reproduce by itself. Once it infects a vulnerable cell,…

Q: does HIV have a protein coat? if yes what is its structure? what enzymes does it use for its…

A: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that infects the T-helper cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: draw the Structure of the AIDS virus

A: HIV is a retroviridae Lentivirus that causes Acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]. the virus…

Q: Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the…

A: Step 1 Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a rounded enveloped retrovirus with a core having two…

Q: Please help explain this Vpr enhances HIV-1 infection in LAPTM5

A: The HIV protein Vpr, is a multifunctional accessory protein, which is incorporated in virions.

Q: Compare and contrast the roles of fully spliced, incompletelyspliced, and unspliced HIV RNA. Which…

A:

Q: What are the evolutionary origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2?

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) belongs to a family of retroviruses, all of which have RNA as…

Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…

A: We have to explain What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? And What is the function of the…

Q: Depict the replication cycle of HIV, beginning with entry of the virus into host cells

A: AIDS is a condition in which the host's immune system is weakened. Many circumstances compromise the…

Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…

Q: Why might a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule?

A: To determine: To determine why a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule

Q: Retroviruses, like the HIV, contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Explain the flow of…

A: Introduction: In retrovirus, RNA is used as genetic material. It uses the enzyme…

Q: One of the first and most important targets for drugs to fight infection with HIV (a retrovirus) is…

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that contains single-strand RNA genome. It…

Q: What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle?

A: Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis, tRNALys is the tRNA…

Q: is HIV in humans different than HIV in rabbits? or the same.

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a retrovirus which causes Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome…

Q: Which best describe the HIV REV protein? Code for proteins necessary for synthesis of the viral…

A: HIV REV Protein:  Rev is a transactivating protein required for HIV-1 (and other lentiviral) protein…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: How vaccines are prepared targetting Different types of viruses

A: The smallpox virus was first used as vaccine content to boost immunity against the small pox. It is…

Q: explain briefly the steps involved in the viral multiplication cycle. How is each step important?…

A: The virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of a nucleic acid…

Q: What are 3 components of a SARS-CoV-2 virus particle that must be present in order for the viral…

A: Coronavirus illness 19 is caused by a virus that produces a respiratory ailment (COVID-19).…

Q: Why can protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs be used in minimizing the replication of the HIV…

A: Protease is an enzyme in the body that's important for HIV replication

Q: Why is gap repair synthesis needed during HIV DNA integration?

A:

Q: Rotavirus, a disease-causing member of the Reovirus family (with double-stranded RNA, but no DNA),…

A: Rotaviruses are members of Reoviridae family. They are nonenveloped particles. Rotaviruses causes…

Q: How does the enzyme reverse transcriptase violate the central dogma of molecular biology in HIV

A: A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that converts an RNA template into complementary DNA…

Q: Please help explain this Vpr counteracts the LAPTM5 mediated degradation of HIV-1 Env

A: HIV-1 can infect few immune cell types yet essentially targets CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages.…

Q: Explain the Structure of the AIDS virus?

A: AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Q: Why does vaccination provide long-lasting protection against a disease, while gamma globulin (IgG)…

A: Vaccination: It s a process  that provides active acquired immunity against a particular infectious…

Q: Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus, which is NOT correct? are circular dsDNA are icosahedral capsid…

A: Viruses are the microscopic infectious agents. They are living inside a host body and non living…

Q: Please help explain this LAPTM5 Transport HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradation

A: Answer

Q: Discuss the life cycle of HIV. Include in your answer a discussion of HIV genes, pay particular…

A: Introduction  HIV or human immuno deficiency virus is a virus which causes a diseas called AIDS…

Q: draw the Life cycle of the AIDS virus

A: Viruses are small, obligate, intracellular particles which can be seen only with the electron…

Q: Rhinovirus and the flaviviruses have a _________ RNA genome, which ___________________ bind in order…

A: Introduction :-  Rhinovirus and flavivirus are the viruses which consist of RNA as genetic material…

Q: What is the reason behind antibody diversity?

A: When our bodies are exposed to pathogens like bacteria and viruses, they produce a wide range of…

Q: Tat and Rev proteins are required for HIV replication. What are their roles and why are they…

A: Introduction Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two types of Lentivirus (a type of retrovirus…

Q: Explain the Life cycle of the AIDS virus?

A: Viruses are infectious agents with a very different organization as well as reproduction. A complete…

Q: Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages.

A: By inducing LAPTM5 deterioration via DCAF1, Vpr counteracts LAPTM5's restrictive effects. The…

Q: explain this LAPTM5 restricts HIV-1 and Vpr counteracts the restriction

A: Lysosomal Protein Transmembrane 5 ( LAPTM-5) help in transportation of of HIV-1 envelope into…

Q: What are the key differences in the invasion of cells by: a. HIV b. Adenovirus c. Anthrax d.…

A: HIV  entry into host cells HIV infects T cells via high-affinity interaction between the particle…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.