Q: What is the definition of antibiotic resistance gene?
A: Antibiotics are the antimicrobial chemicals that can be bactericidal (kill the bacteria) or…
Q: What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?
A: Retroviral vectors are created by removing replication and disease-causing genes from the virus and…
Q: What is the likely mechanism of spread of NDM-1?
A: NDM-1 is the protein product of a gene that some bacteria produce. A bacterial strain containing…
Q: Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?
A: A drug that resembles the substrate portion of transition state of a reaction normally catalyzed by…
Q: How might the virus target host-cell Z-DNA formation to block the synthesis of antiviral proteins?
A: Antiviral proteins are proteins formed by animal or human cells that are responsible for the…
Q: What are the steps in making an mRNA vaccine?
A: mRNA vaccines combine ideal immunological houses with an exceptional protection profile and the…
Q: How is genome replicated in M13 bacteriophage?
A: M13 belong to the family of Ff phages. Ff phages are composed of a circular single stranded DNA…
Q: What does the SHOX gene do?
A: SHOX gene stands for the short-stature homeobox gene. The mutation in the aforementioned gene…
Q: Why are vent polymerase and Pfu more efficient than the Taq polymerase?
A: Polymerase is an enzyme that forms nucleic acids’ long chains. The RNA and DNA polymerase are used…
Q: What does the enzyme reverse transcriptase do and why is it agood target for anti-HIV drugs?
A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…
Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?
A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…
Q: hat are some of the challenges of using recombinant molecules to treatment of HIV?
A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) affects immune cells that aid in the body's ability to fight…
Q: Define the Subsequent gene therapy treatments for SCID ?
A: Ans: SCID: Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency
Q: Define the therapeutic gene?
A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…
Q: What is the name of protein subjected to IP? What is the importance of the pY blot? How many…
A: Immunoprecipitation or IP is a technology that precipitates a protein from the solution with the…
Q: How does a culture of F+ cells transfer markers from thehost chromosome to a recipient?
A: F+ cells transfer markers from the host chromosome to a recipient via the mechanism called…
Q: How does PC help in the identification of the virus from patients?
A: Viruses are microscopic entities that are neither dead nor alive. They may contain DNA or RNA as…
Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?
A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…
Q: What is the difference between a l insertion vector such as lgt11 and a l replacement vector?
A: Vector in molecular biology is a DNA molecule which carries foreign genetic material into foreign…
Q: How Host Cells Take Up and AmplifyRecombinant DNA?
A: Recombinant DNA technology is the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species. The…
Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…
Q: How Are Therapeutic Genes Delivered?
A: Therapeutic genes are those which are inserted into the body to cure the defective gene. These genes…
Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?
A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.
Q: How does Pol II recognize the correct DNA to transcribe?
A: RNA polymerase II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA…
Q: What is the role of Ku70/80 in direct repair of DSBs?
A: DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA…
Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?
A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…
Q: What are bypass polymerases? How do they differ fromthe replicative polymerases? How do their…
A: Polymerases are enzymatic proteins that has a specific role in maintaining the overall molecular…
Q: What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?
A: DNA Polymerase is a very important enzyme in the process of DNA Replication. It is a process in…
Q: How is recombinant DNA transferred to host?
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: How is foreign DNA inserted into host cells?
A: Several techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the insertion of a foreign DNA into a host…
Q: what is tn3 transposons?
A: Transposons are the jumping genes or mobile genetic elements. It is a sequence of DNA…
Q: Why is gap repair synthesis needed during HIV DNA integration?
A:
Q: What are the main procedures involved in a western blot?
A: BASIC INFORMATION WESTERN BLOT This process is used to find some specific type of proteins which are…
Q: How might an RNA-based genome result in an increased infection rate? What are some potential…
A: Answer: RNA- based genome = When a microbe (viruses mainly) contain RNA as their genetic material…
Q: What are the major differences between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2?
A: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 (human T-cell leukaemia viruses 1 and 2) have identical genomic structures that…
Q: What is antiterminator hairpin ?
A: It is a secondary structure of RNA. It determines interaction in ribozyme and can help in RNA…
Q: During the first successful gene therapy trial in which Ashanti DeSilva was treated for SCID, did…
A: Gene therapy is the process by which defective or non-functional gene can be replaced by a normal…
Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?
A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…
Q: What causes DNA diffrences ?
A:
Q: How do the vir genes differ from T-DNA in the Ti plasmid?
A: Ti(tumor-inducing) plasmid are generally found in pathogenic Agrobacterium species such as A.…
Q: During HAART therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), what are the rationale and mechanisms…
A: HAART: Multiple antiretroviral medications are typically used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in order…
Q: Does the plasmid integrate into host genome when the AAV is introduced to patient? Explain
A: Plasmid known as an autonomously, circular and self-replicating molecules whose vectors have been…
Q: Do the plasmids integrate into the host genome when the AAV is introduced into the patient? Explain.
A: AAV (Adeno-associated viruses) are virus that are usually very small in size and that infect primate…
Q: What type of DNA changes are there for c.316-106C>G mutation. Is it pathogenic?
A: This is showing a type of mutation in which cytosine has been converted into guanine. Cytosine is a…
Q: Describe the multiple strand displacement method and how this technique is used
A: Strand displacement method is method used for non specific DNA expansion which employs phage…
Q: What is selectable marker gene?
A: The microbial culture technique is the method of multiplying the microbial organism under controlled…
Q: Define human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs)?
A: Retroviruses are single stranded, positive sense, enveloped, icosahedral and have the reverse…
Q: Explain the HxNx designation of an influenza virus. How does x change?
A: Influenza virus can only replicate using the host cell’s replication machinery. For this, the virus…
Q: How does direct repair differ from mismatch repair and base-excision repair?
A: Cells have an assortment of instruments to forestall transformations or permanent changes in the DNA…
How is damaged DNA recognized by the UvrAB complex?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps