What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?

Q: What is a retrovirus and how does information flow for a retrovirus differ from that for the…

A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…

Q: What is unusual about genetic information flow in retroviruses?

A: The greatest breakthrough in the central dogma was the discovery of retroviruses that transcribe RNA…

Q: Explain the Retroviral vectors of Gene Therapy ?

A: Retrovirus is used to infect the mammalian cells as they used host cells to multiply. Retrovirus is…

Q: What is the purpose of the targeting vector?

A: In molecular cloning, vector is a segment of DNA molecule, which is used as an artificial carrier of…

Q: What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in conjugation?

A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…

Q: Why are retroviruses important?

A: A virus is composed not of DNA but of RNA. Retroviruses have an enzyme, called reverse…

Q: What is one stumbling block in AAV gene therapy in some patients?

A: Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to…

Q: How did clone USA300 and other strains of MRSA become so dangerous?

A: The reason is;

Q: Which of the following viruses have been used as vectors for gene delivery?

A: Gene delivery is a process of introducing the foreign genetic materials which are DNA and RNA into…

Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?

A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…

Q: What are vector borne diseases?

A: A disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…

Q: How does a transducing particle differ from an infectiousbacteriophage?

A: Bacteriophages are beneficial viruses that infect bacterial cells and lysed them or killed them.…

Q: What functions must a plasmid encode to be self-transmissible?

A: A plasmid that codes for its own mating pair formation (MPF) genes is called self transmissible or…

Q: What are the considerations for choice of a vector in gene therapy?

A: HIV consists of single-stranded RNA in the replication form that has been transcribed into…

Q: What is generalized transduction?

A: Reproduction involves the transfer of DNA from parents to offspring. Experiment of the Griffith in…

Q: What does the enzyme reverse transcriptase do and why is it agood target for anti-HIV drugs?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: What alternatives are there to antibiotics to address bacteria that have resistance?

A: Answer: ANTIBIOTICS: These are the medications which are useful in killing or inhibiting the growth…

Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?

A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…

Q: Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC orYAC

A: Cloning vectors are also commonly called as vectors. They play an important part in molecular…

Q: How does specialized transduction differ from generalized transduction?

A: Transduction is a method of gene transfer in bacteria from donor to recipient using bacteriophage.…

Q: What processes do Conjugative plasmids control?

A: Conjugation is the process of genetic material transfer between two bacterial cells through direct…

Q: Why are retroviruses so named? What is required to carry outthis process?

A: Retroviruses are the group of viruses that belong to the Retroviridae family and carry their genetic…

Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?

A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…

Q: What is the difference between generalized and specialized transduction?

A: Transduction is a method of gene transfer in bacteria from donor to recipient using bacteriophage.…

Q: If HIV was just an enveloped virus, but not a retrovirus, which of the following drugs would likely…

A: Virus captures the host replication machinery and multiplies its genome. This is the foundation of…

Q: What is the role of Ku70/80 in direct repair of DSBs?

A: DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA…

Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?

A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…

Q: What are Bacterial Plasmid Vectors ?

A:

Q: What is a retroviral modification ?

A: Retroviruses are a type of virus in the viral family called Retroviridae. They use RNA as their…

Q: How is foreign DNA inserted into host cells?

A: Several techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the insertion of a foreign DNA into a host…

Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.

Q: How might an RNA-based genome result in an increased infection rate? What are some potential…

A: Answer:  RNA- based genome = When a microbe (viruses mainly) contain RNA as their genetic material…

Q: What types of viruses are used for gene therapy, and how are they manipulated to make them useful?

A: Gene therapy is the technique used to cure or prevent the disease by introducing the normal gene in…

Q: What are three reasons that retroviruses are studied so much these days?

A: Retroviruses are enveloped, icosahedral viruses that possess a RNA of about 7-10 kb. They are…

Q: What are the implications of resistance gene transfer for the future practice of medicine?

A: Bacteria multiply quickly and have a variety of methods for exchanging DNA. This is how they are…

Q: What is the purpose of including a tube in the phage assay in which only the E. coli culture is…

A: Insects that feed on fecal, dung material and raw sewage are termed as coprophagous insects. These…

Q: Describe the generation of multiple-drug-resistantplasmids

A: Drug inactivation or modification is one mechanism of drug resistance. Changes to the target site.…

Q: Why are viruses used in gene therapy?

A: Gene therapy is a procedure that modifies a person's genes in order to treat or cure a disease. Gene…

Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?

A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…

Q: What are the potential concerns regarding the use of viral vectors in gene therapy?

A: Introduction :- Gene therapy is the process of changing the genes in your body's cells in order to…

Q: Which vector is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?

A: Gene therapy focuses on utilizing the nucleic acids as a drug to treat cancer and other genetic…

Q: What is the Ti plasmid and how is it modified for the genetic modification of plants?

A: Plasmids are circular and extrachromosomal DNA (sometimes RNA) present in prokaryotic as well as…

Q: What is the effect of oncogenic viruses on the organisms?

A: A gene that encodes a protein that is capable of transforming cells in culture or inducing cancer in…

Q: Explain Gene therapy with viral vectors?

A: Gene therapy is a medical technique that is used in the treatment of diseases by the help of genes.…

Q: What are retroviral diseases?

A: HIV/AIDS stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome.  This is an…

Q: From the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a…

A: Bacteriophage :A type of virus which infects and replicates inside  bacteria. These are composed of…

Q: What must a vector contain?

A: Vector is a nucleic acid molecule containing Viral DNA or RNA and plasmid yeast or bacterial…

Q: What are vectors define as in microbiology?

A: Microbiology is the study of organisms that are microscopic. In microbiology, we study organisms…

Q: What are the implications of mutation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a pathogenic strain

A: Introduction P. aeruginosa is a pathogen known to cause severe diseases in a variety of hosts. It…

Cancer Therapy