How many bases need to match in a degenerate primer?

Q: How is the melting curve of duplex DNA aff ected by adding a small amount of ethanol?

A: Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA…

Q: Which of the following is correct according to the DNA base-pairing rules? O a. A+Gequals C+T O b.…

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material found in most eukaryotes. It carries the…

Q: While studying the structure of a small gene that was recently sequenced during the Human Genome…

A: The rule in the case of DNA indicating that there is always equality in quantity between the bases A…

Q: Given the sequence shown below, write the complementary DNA sequence, using the base-pairing rules,…

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are two examples of nucleic acids. DNA and…

Q: List three rules for designing primers?

A: A primer is short ,single strand DNA sequence used in the polymerase chain reaction. Primers are…

Q: What is the complete base composition of a double-stranded eukaryotic DNA that contains 22% guanine?…

A: Chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell are composed of DNA and protein. DNA in eukaryotes is double…

Q: What is a Watson–Crick base pair?

A: Two nucleotides in the complementary strands of the nucleic acids are connected to each other by…

Q: What is Simple sequence repeat?

A: The genome of every individual contains millions of genetic variation or variants which make each…

Q: Why is the double-helical structure of DNA stabilized at moderate to high ionic strength?

A: Ionic strength defines the high concentration of ions in the solution that are produced due to the…

Q: Which nucleotides break the rules of Watson–Crick basepairing when they are found at the wobble…

A: The wobble hypothesis states that the base at 5' end of the anticodon is not spatially confined as…

Q: Why did we obtain the sequence from the forward primers separate from the reverse primer?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that passes genetic information from one…

Q: What two enthalpic factors stabilize DNA in double-helical form at low temperature?

A: The stability of the DNA double helix depends on a fine balance of interactions including hydrogen…

Q: Why are proteases added while isolating the DNA?

A: Proteases are a group of enzymes which break the proteins into peptides and amino acids.

Q: A-DNA has a helix diameter of 25.5 Angstrom, a pitch per turn of 25.3 Angstrom, and a rise per base…

A: The A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA are the commonly occurring structural conformations of DNA. The most…

Q: What special kind of nucleotide is used in the Sanger sequencing procedure?

A: A British biochemist named Fred Sanger and few of his research colleagues developed the process of…

Q: What is an SNP?

A: Single nucleotide polymorphism is a substitution of a single nucleotide.

Q: The DNA of a deletion of alpha bacteriophage has a length of 15 micrometers instead of 17…

A: The bacteriophage is those viruses that have the capability to infect bacteria and reproduce inside…

Q: What are degenerate primers? Name two uses for degenerate primers.

A: Introduction  A primer is a small sequence of nucleic acids that serves as the precursor to DNA…

Q: What is the hybridization and synthesis process and why it is needed?

A: In the cell, there are several processes, which are required for survival and biochemical functions.…

Q: What do you mean by Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A: The cell is the fundamental unit of all life forms. This is primarily segmented into two regions…

Q: What is an anomer? Are these two models anomers? Explain.

A: Stereoisomerism or spatial isomerism is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same…

Q: How do I fill in each column for each DNA fragment?

A: Using the distance travelled by DNA bands, the size of DNA fragments can be calculated. Here, the…

Q: What is the complete base composition of a double- stranded eukaryotic DNA that contains 22%…

A: the 4 nucleotides that make up the DNA show a unique property of complementary base pairing wherein…

Q: . In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNAsample, which result would be consistent with…

A: The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) comprises two types of nitrogenous bases including the purines and…

Q: Which of the following (A through E ) would you expect to find in a nucleotide chain constructed for…

A: Sanger sequencing is the method developed to sequence the short sequence of nucleotides base pair in…

Q: In the Meselson and Stahl experiment, what part of the DNA gets labeled with 15N? Why?

A: Introduction: The main experimental proof for the semiconservative DNA replication was given by…

Q: What are the base-pairing rules?

A: The nucleotides present in the DNA are known as base pairs. There are a total of four base pairs -…

Q: How is DNA related to protien

A:

Q: The difference between a template and a primer?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of an organism The genes consist of the DNA…

Q: Why is the AT base pair less stable than the GC base pair

A: DNA is a genetic material present in most living organisms and it is composed of nucleotides.…

Q: Why is a methylated base employed in DNA and not in RNA?

A: DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is present in all…

Q: How base tautomerization causes mutation?

A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…

Q: Why can't there be more than two complementary primers?

A: The two primers used in PCR should not be complementary, or they will anneal to each other and form…

Q: The genetic đistance between DNA sequences 1 and 2 is what value?

A: Genetic distance : Distance between loci are determined by the frequency with which recombination…

Q: Draw the structure of a G ∙ U base pair.

A: A base pair is the fundamental unit of double stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases…

Q: A duplex DNA molecule contains a random sequence of the four nucleotides with equal proportions of…

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded molecule and base pairing between two strands is…

Q: What is the purpose of adding table salt (NaCl) to the DNA extraction buffer?

A: The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carries the genetic information and is usually present in the…

Q: If the length of E. coli DNA is 1.36 mm, can you calculate the number of base pairs in E.coli?

A: DNA is the genetic material in E.coli. It has a circular DNA molecule 4.6 million base pairs in…

Q: Are the following base sequences sticky or not sticky? Each piece is written 5′ to 3′.(a) TTAGC and…

A: A base is nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound which, is found in DNA and RNA.  There are…

Q: Given the Percentage Composition of One Nucleotide ina Genome, Can We Predict the Percentages of the…

A: Nucleotides are the chemical compounds that constitute the nucleic acids. The nucleic acids are of…

Q: What is the significance of the fact that more of the DNA is in slower-moving forms?

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is known as molecule that include the genetic code of organisms.

Q: What is the importance of proteins for living beings? What is the name of the DNA duplication…

A: Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass,It is commonly found in animal…

Q: Draw a G}C base pair. Draw an A}T base pair.

A: Introduction Nitrogenous bases are nitrogen-containing biological substances that create…

Q: How many base pairs are changed in the sickle cell mutation?

A: in sickle-cell anemia, the gene for beta globin is mutated. As a result the mutated protein is…

Q: What is the term given to a small alteration in the DNA?

A: A mutation is a change in the sequence of a gene. Mutations occur when a single DNA building block,…

Q: What is the structure of double-stranded DNA as determined by Watson and Crick?

A: In 1953 Watson and cricks realized that DNA  is made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs and double…

Q: Why does increasing salt concentration increase the melting temperature of DNA?

A: DNA is a type of nucleic acid in which two antiparallel polynucleotides are coiled around a central…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.