How should the government initially allocate transferable emissions permits among firms if it wants the target level of emissions to be achieved at minimum cost? O A. Give permits to firms in direct proportion to the amount of emissions each generates. OB. Give more permits to firms that have lower marginal abatement costs. OC. Give each firm the same number of permits. OD. It doesn't matter how the permits are allocated as long as the firms can buy and sell them in a competitive market.

How should the government initially allocate transferable emissions permits among firms if it wants the target level of emissions to be achieved at minimum cost? O A. Give permits to firms in direct proportion to the amount of emissions each generates. OB. Give more permits to firms that have lower marginal abatement costs. OC. Give each firm the same number of permits. OD. It doesn't matter how the permits are allocated as long as the firms can buy and sell them in a competitive market.

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter2: Choice In A World Of Scarcity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4SCQ: What are the similarities between a consumers budget constraint and societys production...

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Assume that your company produces two goods: laptops and tablets. Assume aslo that your company has limited resources( including time) to devote to producing these items. Now assume that the laptop team does something to improve the efficiency of making laptops, while the tabley holds to old methods. Given the change you can a) only increase your production of laptops b) only increase your production of tablets c) increase production of both items d) not increase your production in either tablets or laptops.
2. Suppose that emissions of sulfur dioxide are managed via a Cap-and-Trade policy. In this circumstance, how can an environmental group, such as Greenpeace, reduce emissions of this pollutant? Explain your answer. How would it effectively result in a reduction in emissions? What is the main obstacle for Greenpeace to achieve this? 3. Explain why a Cap-and-Trade program is more likely to be efficient than a standard. Be specific. 4. Explain why the firm’s MAC-curve is its demand curve for pollution permits.
1. In order to maximize profit a producer will always produce at a point where the Marginal Benefit is greater than the Marginal Cost (MB>MC). True or False? Why? 2. The Opportunity Cost (OC) of production shall be also be included in optimal production decision even if these are not ‘out of pocket’ costs of production. True or False? Why? 3. When OC are included in production decisions it is always the case that optimal level of production will be lower compared with a situation where OC are not included. True or False? Why?
Which of the following questions does an economic system answer? Choose one or more: O A. Why should a society produce? O B. What should a socięty produce? O C. When should a society produce? O D. How much should a society produce? O E. How should a society produce things? O F. For whom should a society produce?
Germany is trying to lower its CO2 emissions by phasing out coal-based electricity production through the forced closure of coal power plants. Why is this policy, even if it is successful in lowering Germany’s CO2 emissions, unlikely to result in lower emissions at the European scale?a) this policy does nothing to address the emissions from the transportation sector, which far outweigh those of coalb) CO2 produced in Germany stays in Germany, and thus has no bearing on the European scalec) Germany has already made substantial reductions to its CO2 output, so that it is a small player on the European scaled) Germany is a member of the European Emissions Trading System (ETS), which sets a binding cap on greenhouse gas emissionse) coal power production in Germany has become extremely efficient, so that its CO2 footprint is insubstantial
Suppose that a firm’s emissions and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) data are summarized in thetable below. e MAC 0 200 10 180 20 160 30 140 40 120 50 100 60 80 70 60 80 40 90 20 100 0 a. If the price of a pollution permit is $100, how many permits will the firm need? Explain.b. Suppose that the price of a pollution permit increases to $120, how many permits will thefirm need? Explain.c. With this new price of $120, will the firm’s emissions increase or decrease? By howmuch? Explain.d. Can the firm sell any permits? If so, what is the revenue generated from permit sales?Explain.
Assume China has 10,000 workers. Suppose that each Chinese worker produces either 30 pairs of boots or 10 software per month. Suppose that half of Chinese workers produce boots and half produce programs. What quantities of boots and software does China produce? Are these production combinations efficient? Select one: O a. China produces 50,000 pairs of boots and 150,000 software per month. These production combinations are efficient O b. China produces 150,000 pairs of boots and 50,000 software per month. These production combinations are efficient. O c. China produces 50,000 pairs of boots and 150,000 software per month. These production combinations are not efficient. O d. China produces 150,000 pairs of boots and 50,000 software per month. These production combinations are not efficient.
High-income people are willing to pay more thanlower-income people to avoid the risk of death.For example, they are more likely to pay for safetyfeatures on cars. Do you think cost–benefit analystsshould take this fact into account when evaluatingpublic projects? Consider, for instance, a rich townand a poor town, both of which are considering theinstallation of a traffic light. Should the rich town usea higher dollar value for a human life in making thisdecision? Why or why not?
Part D E F needed b) Ana also reads that climate change is caused by carbon emissions from air travel. Two airlines run flights between two cities, Air A and Air B. The government has said that the airlines can produce 100 units of carbon emissions between them, under a carbon permit scheme, and should decide how to split the 100 units between them. Air A and Air B have the same operating costs and the same costs of reducing the amount of carbon that they produce per flight.Say Air A has been operating on the route for over 50 years and the government decides to give all the permits to Air A (based on its long use of the route). Air A offers a proportion R of the 100 units of permits to Air B and Air B can accept the offer or reject it and not fly on the route.• How will the other parameters of the model as discussed in this module affect the value of R* at which Air B accepts the offer?• Say that the government gives the permits to Air A for 5 years, and will gives them to Air B for…
a) Suppose that in the production of computer software, the marginal rate of technical substitution between engineers and marketer is 5 for IBM and 3 for Microsoft. Explain why this outcome violates the condition for efficiency in production and how a voluntary exchange could make both companies better off. b) Ignoring rationing problems and black markets, under rent control (or any price ceiling that produces a shortage) the price paid by consumers equals the marginal cost of producing the good. Does this mean the output level is efficient? Explain. c) What does the contract curve in an Edgeworth production box signify? Why do competitive markets generate equilibriums that lie on the contract curve?
Conversely, show geometrically the effect of a decrease in Price (i.e., BELOW the equilibrium price). What “economic problem” is created now in the market. Measure geometrically he magnitude or distance of such “economic problem”. Again, in the face of such an economic problem, where private sector buyers and suppliers could not do anything more, which economic actor should come to intervene properly? Discuss what should that intervener do amidst such economic problem faced by the microeconomic actor – NOTABLY THE PRODUCER OR SELLER. As an Economist (or beyond the limits of Economic studies), what would you recommend to the VEGETABLE PRODUCERS and to the GOVERNMENT as well? Discuss exhaustively.
4 An increase in per capita production and incomes can be expected to have a large effect in reducing emissions that lead to global warming. O false O true