how the two types of pumps used in the cardiopulmonary bypass work

Q: Explain how venous return increases with exercise and thepurpose of such action.

A: Cardiac output is dependent on contractility, preload, and afterload. It refers to the volume of…

Q: Describe how the pressure in the left ventricle and in the systemic arteries varies during the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Estimate the ejection fraction of the failing heart at a typical normal end-diastolic volume?

A: Ejection fraction estimation - It is the measurement of the amount of blood pump from left ventricle…

Q: Define Ventricular Fibrillation. Describe what is happening electrically during VF.

A: Arrhythmia is a rare condition in which the rate of the heartbeat becomes irregular. The heart…

Q: Briefly outline the design of the heart. Why is the heart often called “two pumps in one”?

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Explain how the heart is a double pump and why this is significant

A: Human heart is situated in the space of thoracic cavity present between two lungs.

Q: Briefly describe and explain how two cardiovascular diseases can be caused by atrial fibrillation.

A: Irregular puls of heart is one of the serious  causes of cardiovascular disease. Many cardiovescular…

Q: Compare action potential of pacemaker and non-pacemaker (working) myocardial cells?

A: Cell can be defined as the basic membrane-bound unit which contains the fundamental molecules of…

Q: Explain the process by which a large volume of fluid in thepericardial cavity decreases cardiac…

A: The process that defines the volume of blood that is ejected by the heart in a time period of one…

Q: Describe the pacemaker potential and the myocardial action potential, and explain how the latter…

A: Heart is the major pumping organ in our circulatory system. It has two types of cells namely;…

Q: Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of an ECG, and indicate at which point in the cardiac…

A: The cardiac cycle represents the event that occurs after the ending of one heartbeat to the start of…

Q: Give a detailed diagram design of cardiopulmonary bypass machine and how it functions.

A: Cardiopulmonary bypass: A technique called cardiopulmonary bypass is performed at the time of…

Q: Draw a basic block diagram of oscillometric blood Pressure measurement setup and explain each block…

A: Oscillometric blood pressure is a blood pressure measurement device, where an oscillogram is…

Q: Describe the functional significance of the skeletal muscle pump and illustrate the action ofvenous…

A: Blood is a type of connective tissue that helps in circulating oxygen and nutrient throughout the…

Q: Describe the differences between a medium vein and a medium (muscular) artery. State the functional…

A: The arteries and veins constitute a network of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the…

Q: Explain differences between action potentials of cardiac muscle cells and those in nodal cells of…

A: On the surface of the heart, muscle fibers are arranged to form a fused interconnected mass termed a…

Q: Describe the Flank-Starling law in the heart.

A:

Q: Emphasize the propagation of electrical signals in nerves and monitoring the EKG signals from the…

A: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is used for recording the electrical signals in the heart. ECGcommon and…

Q: Describe the mechanisms that increase the cardiac output during exercise and that increase the rate…

A: When a person is exercising there are various circulatory changes that occur in his/her body. The…

Q: How do capillaries develop and grow (angiogenesis)? Explain with an example?

A: Angiogenesis, the physiological process by which development of new blood vessels from preexisting…

Q: Describe the anatomy of movement of the wave of cell depolarization throughout the heart during the…

A: The cardiac cycle:It is comprised of a whole relaxation and contraction of both the atrium and…

Q: Define the terms contractility, preload, and afterload, and explain how these factors affect the…

A: Ans: Cardiac output: The heats efficiency is calculated by the volume of blood it pumps to the…

Q: Describe the arrangement of cardiac muscle fibers.

A: BASIC INFORMATION MUSCLE It is a type of soft tissue which are found in most of the animals. The…

Q: Although not considered the primary pacemaker of the heart, the atrioventricular node can indeed be…

A: Human Heart is a four-chambered, fibro-muscular organ. There are two atria through which the heart…

Q: Explain why a high elastic content is required in the wallof the aorta.

A: Aorta is the most important and largest artery of the body. It originates from the left ventricle…

Q: Referring to the following hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across a muscle capillary wall, which…

A: Capillary hydrostatic pressure is the outward pressure applied by the stream of blood on the vessel…

Q: Compare and contrast the action potential of a myocardial conductive cell and the action potential…

A: Myocardial conductive cell: [action potential] The conductive cells within the heart establish the…

Q: Explain why the SA node normally paces the heart.

A: In human heart, small groups of specialised neuromuscular cells are present within the myocardium.…

Q: In a patient with _______ some of the oxygenated blood returning to the left atrium would be pumped…

A: The blood enters the heart's right atrium from the body, where it moves to the right ventricle and…

Q: Discuss why the heart is called a double pump and compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

A: The human heart lies in the protective thorax, posterior to the sternum and coastal cartilage, and…

Q: Mention four advantages and two limitations of capillary electrophoresis over HPLC.

A: Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a widely used separation technique in biochemistry. Here a very…

Q: Explain the concept behind capillary electrophoresis

A: Introduction: The technique of capillary electrophoresis was first described by Jorgensen and Lukacs…

Q: list the order of draw in capillary blood collection and explain why it is important

A: Capillary blood collection:Capillary puncture is mainly used in the case of infants. It is also used…

Q: A. begins with closure of the AV-valves and ends with opening of the valves B. begins with opening…

A: There are two types of atrioventricular valves. The mitral and the tricuspid valves, also known as…

Q: It is generally accepted that a relatively low diastolic vascular pressure is more important than a…

A: The term blood pressure is used to describe the pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessel in…

Q: Give two reasons why the Purkinje fibres are faintly stained compared with ordinary cardiomyocytes

A: Purkinje fibres are excitable cells or fibres present in the inner ventricle wall of heart. They are…

Q: Explain why the heart is called a double pump.  Briefly describe the pulmonary and systemic…

A: Blood circulatory system is the collection of different types of organs, cells, and tissues that…

Q: Fill in the blank:  The fibers that carry cardiac impulses from the interventricular septum into the…

A: Cardiac impulses originate from the sinoatrial node that causes the contraction of the heart muscles…

Q: The effective-refractory period present during Phase 2 of the action potential of ventricular…

A: A transient shift in membrane permeability across the cellular membrane of cardiac cells is known as…

Q: Velocity of blood flow is the slowest in a. muscular arteries. b. capillaries. c. veins. d. elastic…

A: The circulatory framework, additionally called the cardiovascular framework or the vascular…

Q: Define resistance and explain the 3 sources of resistance

A: Resistance The term resistance in biology commonly refers to antibiotic resistance. It is defined as…

Q: Diagrammatically explain the phenomenon of counter current multiplication.

A: The process of harnessing energy to create an osmotic gradient that allows you to reabsorb tubular…

Q: Calculate heart rate by counting the number of Large ecG Squares

A: The number of times a heart beats in a unit of time is called heart rate. Usually, it is measured as…

Q: Draw a flow diagram summarizing the factors affecting arteriolar radius.

A: Introduction: The circulatory system, often known as the cardiovascular system, is the body's…

Q: Describe the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides, such as digitalis.

A: Cardiac glycosides drugs example are digoxin and digitoxin.  These drugs are used in the treatment…