ich of the following questions about the origin of life on Earth is most scientifically testable? * Why were the earliest life-forms created using only twenty amino acids? Did life originate to make the universe a better place? Was catalytic RNA used by ancient organisms as a stepping stone to acquire protein enzymes?

ich of the following questions about the origin of life on Earth is most scientifically testable? * Why were the earliest life-forms created using only twenty amino acids? Did life originate to make the universe a better place? Was catalytic RNA used by ancient organisms as a stepping stone to acquire protein enzymes?

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter13: Early Life Forms And The Viruses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQ

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Many scientists claim that the synthesis of the first organic molecules from inorganic precursors was possible because of the highly reducing atmosphere found on primitive Earth. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis that could be used when investigating the claim? * The level of atmospheric oxygen on modern Earth is significantly higher than on primitive Earth. Organic molecules were transported to primitive Earth by a meteorite or other celestial event. The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is possible under current atmospheric oxygen levels as well as those found on primitive Earth. The absence of a significant quantity of atmospheric oxygen is required for the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.
In the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogenwere sealed in a flask containing a pair of electrodes. An electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week'stime, they found that amino acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance of thisexperiment in explaining the origin of life on Earth?
What evidence is there for the hypothesis that life originated on Earth by the creation and polymerization of small organic molecules by natural processes?
Which of the following is least reasonable regarding the Urey-Miller experiment? Group of answer choices The experiment was an important breakthrough in the study of the origin of life. The experiment conifirmed that several of the key molecules of life could have been synthesised naturally on the primitive Earth. The amino acids and other molecules produced in the experiment, and possibly present in the early atmosphere, could have participated in 'prebiotic' chemical processes, ultimately creating life. This experiment, and others which followed, suggests that simple biologically significant molecules can evolve naturally under sets of conditions that may have existed not only on early Earth, but potentially elsewhere in the solar system and beyond. The experiment was the first demonstration of abiogenesis (life from non-life).
In their laboratory experiments of simulations of early Earth, Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of abundant amounts of DNA amino acids liposomes genetic systems Which of the following was probably NOT present in the primitive Earth s atmosphere (when life first appeared)? O2 NH3 H2O CH4 CO2
Which of the following was the least likely objective of the Urey-Miller experiment? Group of answer choices To demonstrate that oxygen can be produced by plants. To recreate the conditions of the Earth before life existed and produce the molecules necessary for life from primordial inorganic matter (water, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide). To build a case (though not necessarily prove) that life can originate from nonliving matter through natural means. To demonstrate that organic molecules like amino acids (building blocks of protein) and nucleotide bases (building blocks of DNA) do not necessarily originate only from living matter. To demonstrate that lightning may have been the essential energy source (early in Earth's evolution) in the production of molecules essential for life.
With regard to the origin of life, why are biologistsinterested in the prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules?
Scientists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey set up an experiment modeling the environmental conditions thought to exist during the early stages of Earth's formation. The setup of Miller and Urey's experiment is shown below. Which conclusion about the origin of life could be drawn from the potential results of this experiment? Life assembled from chemical building blocks. Life began when water vapor became electrified. Life evolved from the DNA of simple unicellular organisms. Life began when salt water caused a mutation in an ancient virus.
What was Oparin-Haldane hypothesis on the emergence of life on Earth? A. The Earth's amino acids were derived from volcanic eruptions B. The Earth's amino acids were from a 4.5 billion years old meteorite C. Inorganic compounds created organic compounds spontaneously D. Inorganic compounds were results of lightning and UV radiation
Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished byscientists studying the origin of life?(A) synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes(B) formation of molecular aggregates with selectivelypermeable membranes(C) formation of protocells that use DNA to direct thepolymerization of amino acids(D) abiotic synthesis of organic molecules
The following is a synthesis sequence or progression that is a hypothesis for Chemical evolution: elements, ionic and covalent bonding to form simple molecules, these simple molecules form simple organic monomers, the monomers undergo dehydration synthesis to form bio polymers, formation of micelles (Pre cells). This concept a) can only be observed in living cells, b) is a theory that proves that life could not evolve on other planets. c) is a hypothetical model that can be confirmed in the laboratory, d) is a hypothesis that has no supporting evidence from rocks that predate the presence of cells in the fossil record. e) These are all true.
Select the false statements from the following regarding the RNA hypothesis of chemical evolution. RNA are diverse molecules in the modern cells able to provide genetic instructions while catalyzing anabolic and catabolic reactions. RNA is not able to hydrogen bond to itself. DNA became a storage molecule after ancestral RNA mutated to a double helix. Enzymatic RNA are thought to have produced the first proteins in evolution.