Answered: Miller and Urey

Science

Biology

Miller and Urey

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter13: Early Life Forms And The Viruses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQ

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Concept explainers

Abiogenesis

Question

In the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen
were sealed in a flask containing a pair of electrodes. An electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week's
time, they found that amino acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance of this
experiment in explaining the origin of life on Earth?

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Which of the following questions about the origin of life on Earth is most scientifically testable? * Why were the earliest life-forms created using only twenty amino acids? Did life originate to make the universe a better place? Was catalytic RNA used by ancient organisms as a stepping stone to acquire protein enzymes? Can simple organic molecules form spontaneously in an oxygen-free atmosphere?
What evidence is there for the hypothesis that life originated on Earth by the creation and polymerization of small organic molecules by natural processes?
With regard to the origin of life, why are biologistsinterested in the prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules?
What was Oparin-Haldane hypothesis on the emergence of life on Earth? A. The Earth's amino acids were derived from volcanic eruptions B. The Earth's amino acids were from a 4.5 billion years old meteorite C. Inorganic compounds created organic compounds spontaneously D. Inorganic compounds were results of lightning and UV radiation
Many scientists claim that the synthesis of the first organic molecules from inorganic precursors was possible because of the highly reducing atmosphere found on primitive Earth. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis that could be used when investigating the claim? * The level of atmospheric oxygen on modern Earth is significantly higher than on primitive Earth. Organic molecules were transported to primitive Earth by a meteorite or other celestial event. The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is possible under current atmospheric oxygen levels as well as those found on primitive Earth. The absence of a significant quantity of atmospheric oxygen is required for the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.
Which of the following is least reasonable regarding the Urey-Miller experiment? Group of answer choices The experiment was an important breakthrough in the study of the origin of life. The experiment conifirmed that several of the key molecules of life could have been synthesised naturally on the primitive Earth. The amino acids and other molecules produced in the experiment, and possibly present in the early atmosphere, could have participated in 'prebiotic' chemical processes, ultimately creating life. This experiment, and others which followed, suggests that simple biologically significant molecules can evolve naturally under sets of conditions that may have existed not only on early Earth, but potentially elsewhere in the solar system and beyond. The experiment was the first demonstration of abiogenesis (life from non-life).
Why is inclusion of methane in the gas ﬂasks an essential part of the hypothesis that complex organic molecules were formed in the early atmosphere of Earth? (Hint: What makes a molecule organic?)
Which of the following did Stanley miller place in the experimental system to show that organic monomers could have risen from inorganic molecules on the early Earth? A. Only RNA B. Microspheres C. Purines and pyrimidines D. All of these are correct
Which molecule -DNA or RNA- do scientist believe was found in the first life form on Earth? Why do scientist believe this molecule was first to form life?
In their laboratory experiments of simulations of early Earth, Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of abundant amounts of DNA amino acids liposomes genetic systems Which of the following was probably NOT present in the primitive Earth s atmosphere (when life first appeared)? O2 NH3 H2O CH4 CO2
Why does there appear to have been only one origin of life on earth? Why are there not multiple origins? Why is life not originating still?
Why are scientists interested in the primordial synthesis of organic molecules when it comes to the genesis of life?