Identify the factors that may have contributed to the alleged flaws in the audit procedures that PwC applied in testing the year-end market values of the Lipper hedge funds’ investments. Discuss specific measures that audit firms can employ to reduce the likelihood that such factors will undercut the quality of their audits.
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- The Overstock-Grant Thornton dispute was publicly aired via disclosure statements filed with the SEC. What impact do you believe those disclosures had on the investing public's confidence in the financial reporting domain and the independent audit function? Were the interactions between Overstock and Grant Thornton unprofessional or otherwise inappropriate? Explain.Following are typical questions that might appear on an internal control questionnaire for investments in marketable securities. Is custody of investment securities maintained by an employee who does not maintain the detailed records of the securities? Are securities registered in the company name? Are investment activities reviewed by an investment committee of the board of directors? Assuming that the operating effectiveness of each of the above procedures is found to be inadequate, describe how the auditors might alter their substantive procedures to compensate for the increased level of control risk.Indicate whether the information indicates an increased risk for fraud. If the information indicates an increased risk of fraud, indicate which fraud condition (incentives/pressures, opportunities, or attitudes/rationalization) is indicated. During audit planning, an auditor obtained the following information: Management has a strong interest in employing inappropriate means to minimize reported earnings for tax-motivated reasons. The company’s board of directors includes a majority of directors who are independent of management. Assets and revenues are based on significant estimates that involve subjective judgments and uncertainties that are hard to corroborate. The company is marginally able to meet exchange listing and debt covenant requirements. New accounting pronouncements have resulted in explanatory paragraphs for consistency for the company and other firms in the industry.
- Although audit reports should provide assurance to investors and creditors that financial information presented is free of material misstatements and in accordance with GAAP, should audit reports be used to solicit investments, credit, or sales in a manner similar to Jim Bakker’s? How can a CPA firm prevent such behavior?Most auditors believe that financial statements are "presented fairly" when the statements are in accordance with GAAP, and that it is also necessary to Select one: a. assure investors that net income reported this year will be exceeded in the future b. review the statements using the accounting principles promulgated by the SEC c. examine the substance of transactions and balances for possible misinformationJaycom Enterprises has invested its excess cash in the bonds of several different companies and desires to maximize income over the short run. Jaycom is unsure about the appropriate investment policy and thus what reporting practice to follow. What classification procedure and subsequent classification could Jaycom follow in order to meet its objective? How will Jaycom justify its choice to the Jaycom auditors?
- Lehman Brothers, as well as many other investment banks, failed as a result of an extremely risky business model. Auditors are required under PCAOB standards to evaluate internal controls surrounding financial reporting. In the wake of the banking failure, many commentators asked, “Where were the auditors?” and questioned why the auditors did not also evaluate risk management controls. Do you believe auditors should have responsibility for evaluating a client’s internal controls in areas not directly related to financial reporting?If the auditors discover that the carrying amount of a client’s investments is overstated because of a loss in value that is other than a temporary decline in market value, they should insist thata. The approximate market value of the investments be shown in parentheses on the face of the balance sheet.b. The investments be classified as long term for balance-sheet purposes with full disclosure in the footnotes.c. The loss in value be recognized in the financial statements.d. The equity section of the balance sheet separately show a charge equal to the amount of the loss.Discuss the concept of professional skepticism and its importance in audit. Why is it sometimes difficult for auditors to exercise appropriate levels of professional skepticism in practice? 3.A company has been making losses on its operations due to many factors such as competition, impairment of some of its non-current assets and losses incurred on derivatives in its hedging activities as well as problems of complying with many laws and regulations governing its operations. RequiredAs the audit manager in charge of the audit of this company, evaluate the areas in the audit of your client where the audit team members need to exercise a high level of professional skepticism.
- Which of the following is a correct statement regarding audit evidence? a. A large sample of evidence provided by an independent party is always considered persuasive evidence. b. The auditor must obtain a sufficient amount of relevant and reliable evidence to form an opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. c. A small sample of only one or two pieces of highly appropriate evidence is always considered persuasive evidence. d. Evidence is usually more reliable for balance sheet accounts when it is obtained within six months of the balance sheet date.Respond to each of the following comments that you heard related to the audit of Swan Company, a public entity.a. “We don’t need to consider the risk of material misstatement in our work because we really can’t do anything to reduce that risk.”b. “Because the client has not implemented effective internal controls, we need to gather more reliable evidence. This means we need to test a greater number of transactions and obtain more reliable forms of evidence.”c. “We will really need to spend a lot of time and effort on this audit. Because this client has just filed for a bond offering, we can’t allow for any misstatements in the financial statements. We need to guarantee the accuracy of the client’s financial statements.”d. “Because this company has $140 million in revenues, we really shouldn’t be concerned about smaller accounts because they are not likely to have a major impact on the financial statements.”e. “I know it will be more time consuming and expensive, but we are required to…Which two of the following characterize the work of fraud examiners?a. Analysis of control weaknesses for determination of acceptable fraud risk.b. Analysis of control strengths as a basis for planning other audit procedures.c. Determination of a materiality amount that represents a significant misstatement of the financial statements.d. Consideration of a materiality amount in cumulative terms—that is, becoming large over a number of years