Imagine a phenotype in an adaptive landscape with multiple peaks. Considering only selection and drift, which factors might cause a phenotype to occupy a "minor" peak rather than the peak with greatest fitness? A severe bottleneck could possibly lead to drift from any one peak to another, at least in theory. With multiple adaptive peaks, all other things being equal, natural selection will likely direct the population up to a local fitness maximum. Where the population begins in phenotype space. If an adaptive landscape has multiple peaks, the population will tend to climb the nearest peak under drift alone.
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
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