In a classic study of problem solving, Duncker (1945) asked participants to mount a candle on a wall in an upright position so that it would burn normally. One group was given a candle, a book of matches, and a box of tacks. A second group was given the same items, except that the tacks and the box were presented separately as two distinct items. The solution to this problem involves using the tacks to mount the box on the wall, creating a shelf for the candle. Duncker reasoned that the first group of participants would have trouble seeing a new function for the box (a shelf) because it was already serving a function (holding tacks). For each participant, the amount of time to solve the problem was recorded. Data similar to Duncker’s are as follows. Time to Solve Problem (in sec.) Box of Tacks Tacks and Box Separate 128 42 160 24 113 68 101 35 94 47 1) Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Test at the .01 level of significance. Report and interpret d.
Contingency Table
A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.
Binomial Distribution
Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.
In a classic study of problem solving, Duncker (1945) asked participants to mount a candle on a wall in an upright position so that it would burn normally. One group was given a candle, a book of matches, and a box of tacks. A second group was given the same items, except that the tacks and the box were presented separately as two distinct items. The solution to this problem involves using the tacks to mount the box on the wall, creating a shelf for the candle. Duncker reasoned that the first group of participants would have trouble seeing a new
Time to Solve Problem (in sec.)
Box of Tacks Tacks and Box Separate
128 42
160 24
113 68
101 35
94 47
1) Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Test at the .01 level of significance. Report and interpret d.
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