In a healthy patient with normal kidney function, each day the kidney filters approx.150 - 180 L of blood and outputs 1 - 2 L of urine. Select one: True False
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In a healthy patient with normal kidney function, each day the kidney filters approx.150 - 180 L of blood and outputs 1 - 2 L of urine.
Select one:
True
False
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- Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma. Choose Answer from the following TableThe electrode of a pH meter is placed in a sample of urine, and a reading of 7.9 is obtained. Is the sample acidic,basic, or neutral? What is the concentration of H3O+ in the urine sample?Diabetes can cause a decrease in the specific gravity of urine. If normal urine has a specific gravity between 1.002 and 1.030, and a sample has a density of 1.008 oz/liq. oz., how does the sample compare to normal urine?
- A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the aboveIf a patient collects a 24 hour urine specimen with a volume of 1500 mL, and the patient's serum Creatinine is 5 mg/dl, and the urine creatinine is 100 mg/dl, then what is the creatinine clearance in ml/min?Many blood pressure medications block the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts. How would this affect using output and concentration.
- Why are humans not able to meet their water requirements by drinking seawater? Assume seawater has a concentration of 1400 mOsM. In your explanation, consider both the renal system and the digestive system. Additionally, describe the physiology of two symptoms of excessive seawater consumption that occur prior to death.The pH of urine is 6.0 and the pH of orange juice is 3.0. Therefore the concentration of hydrogen ions in urine is ____________________ than the concentration of hydrogen ions in orange juice.Use the following information to answer the next question. Patient Glucose in Urine (mmol/L) Urine Output (mL/day) A 0.0 1 550 B 0.3 4 300 C 1.0 6 000 D 0.0 8 100 Which row represents the urine glucose level of a normal patient and the urine volume of a patient with untreated diabetes insipidus, respectively? Select one: a. A and C b. A and D c. B and C d. B and D
- Buffer systems can absorb hydrogen ions from the blood to increase pH into homeostatic range (pH: 7.35 to 7.45)During what condition would buffer systems do this?Hemodialysis is a process by which a machine is used to filter urea and other waste products from an individual’s blood when the kidneys fail. The concentration of urea in the blood is often modeled as exponential decay by the following function: −Kt c(t)=c0e V where K is the mass transfer coefficient (in mL/min), c(t) is the urea concentration in the blood at time t (in mg/mL) and V is the blood volume., and c0 is the initial concentration at time t = 0. Answer the following questions:(a) How long should a patient be put on dialysis to reduce the blood urea concentration from an initial value of 1.65 mg/mL to 0.60 mg/mL, given that K = 340 mL/min and V = 32, 941 mL? b) Derive a general formula for the dialysis time T , in terms of the initial urea concentration c0 and he target urea concentration c (T ) (c) The quantity Kt, is sometimes used as a measure of dialysis treatment adequacy. What are its V units and explain what does this quantity represent?The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.
