In a real study, scientists investigated the effectiveness of seven hand sanitizers. They found that only two products (72% ethanol, pH 2.9) and one triclosan-based product had LRVs≥2. If they had spiked their samples with 104 viruses, what is the maximum number of infectious virus that could have been present
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In a real study, scientists investigated the effectiveness of seven hand sanitizers. They found that only two products (72% ethanol, pH 2.9) and one triclosan-based product had LRVs≥2. If they had spiked their samples with 104 viruses, what is the maximum number of infectious virus that could have been present
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- One ml of a water sample was placed in a Petri dish with melted agar. After incubation, 129 colonies were counted. How many bacteria (CFU/ml) are in the sample? Thank youThe culture primarily contains nutrients such as sugars and a gel (agar). Why don’t viruses grow in a culture like bacteria do? Explain.There are so many microbes in a single mL of culture, it is very difficult to perform one dilution to produce countable cells. Microbiologists need to perform a dilution series, where multiple dilutions are performed in sequence to arrive at the correct dilution. Dilutions are cumulative. Multiple the series of dilutions together to find the final dilution value. If 3 serial dilutions are performed, each with a value of 0.01, what is the cumulative dilution? Express your answer as an exponent, e.g. 0.1 would be 1e-1 and 0.01 would be 1e-2
- All except which of the following are important aspects to consider in determining the G+C content of a microorganism? a) determination of gram stain b)double stranded dna absorbs less light than single DNA strang c)he greater the G+C content, the higher the temperature required to denature DNA d) 3 hydrogren bonds between G+C content vs 2 hydrogen bonds between A and TThe images attached are the photos of bacteria in yoghurt under a misroscope. According to these images and your own knowledge, can you make a biological drawing of bacteria in yoghurt ( in a circle) and identify the types of bacteria accurately?You are testing ground beef to determine how many bacteria are present per gram of meat. You place 1 gram of meat in sterile water, mix vigorously, and then do serial dilutions as shown below. You inoculate a plate with 0.1 ml of the sample from the last tube. The next day you count 122 colonies. How many bacteria/ml were in the undiluted sample?
- the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed? a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease. b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy hostWhat is the best advise for obtaining 2-log viral inactivation when the needed CT free chlorine is 60 min mg per L, CT chloramine is 11,000 min mg per L, and CT chlorine dioxide is 170 min mg per L? Considering these virus-inactivation approaches (chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and free chlorine).when using CT values to disinfect water assets following a water quality event, what biological elements and physicochemical aspects must be considered? Display the CT curve as well as the effect of increasing pH on inactivation kinetics, and estimate the CT values that will be needed.The world is facing a Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic and as a potential scientist and a microbiology student, you have been required to prepare the easiest and most affordable hand sanitizer that can be utilized by students in various microbiology laboratories. Each student in your class has been given 96% ethanol and you are required to prepare 70% ethanol hand sanitizer in a 2L spray bottle. Describe clearly the method you will use in order to achieve the aim of the practical.
- Based on the following image, which concentration of antibiotic would be considered the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)? a. 8 ug/mlb. 16 ug/mlc. 25 ug/mlYou are treating swimming pools with ozone. You are using 0.02 ppm ozone to kill adenovirus, with an exposure time of 30 minutes. Will this treatment be effective on 2 log adenovirus ? Will this treatment also kill E. coli in the same water ? Explain your answer with calculationsA microbiology student was given a mixed culture of two different gram positive bacteria species to grow into a culture medium using correct aseptic techniques. After two days,one gram positive bacterial species grew on the media and the growth appeared red on the surface of the medium. Tthe second gram positive bacterial species grew and the growth appeared yellow on the surface of the medium. What is the possible explanation for the differences in the color of the bacterial growth? A. the culture was contaminated B. the microbiologist put too much inoculum on the culture medium C. the medium was a selective medium D. the medium was differential