In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how would you expect the frequency of an original, non-mutated allele to change in the population over time? Will the population eventually achieve an equilibrium value of the frequency of the non-mutated allele?
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In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how would you expect the frequency of an original, non-mutated allele to change in the population over time? Will the population eventually achieve an equilibrium value of the frequency of the non-mutated allele?
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- Recently, scientists have identified a mutation that is found at high frequency in Finnish populations, located in northern Europe where the winter is very cold. This mutation is believed to be a “cold sensitive” allele that warns people of extreme cold temperatures. Could this allele have undergone a “selective sweep”, if it had suddenly appeared in this northern population of humans? How would such a selective sweep be detected with genome data?If the frequency of “A” is 0.9, and the frequency of “a” is 0.1, and the mutation rate converting “A” to “a” is 10-5 – what will be the frequency of “a” after 10 generations? After 10,000 generations?Consider the following estimates:(a) There are 7 x 109 humans living on this planet.(b) Each individual has about 20,000 (0.2 * 105) genes.(c) The average mutation rate at each locus is 10-5.How many spontaneous mutations are currently present inthe human population? Assuming that these mutations areequally distributed among all genes, how many new mutationshave arisen in each gene in the human population?
- Consider a recessive condition where 40% of the affected individuals pass away by the age of 10 but those that survive to adulthood are just as likely to have children as the general population. What must the new mutation rate be if the incidence of the disorder is 1/10,000 to maintain a consistent incidence across generations? Answer format: Fraction - #/#Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would you expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could you see if you returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell you mutations had occurred? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what you'd see in #2.Some populations change noticeably in form within a hundred years. If only one gene in every 200,000 mutates and if most mutations are harmful, how is such change possible?
- In the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does increasing the mutation rate increase the probability that an individual mutation will be adaptive?You have already learned that mutation is one source of variation in a population. Based on what you have just seen, what is a second source of variation?Why do you think a genetic bottleneck is more likely to occur in a small population than in a large population?
- what is the meaning of fitness ?what two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by natural selection?between gene mutation and structural mutations, which of them would likely persist in the population? why?An hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs is that the earth had been hit by a gigantic meteor that caused the death of those big reptiles. In that case the entire genetic pool of those animals has been destroyed, invalidating the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In Genetics what is this type of gene frequency change called?